During embryonic development, the process by which cells become different from each other and acquire specialized functions is known as:
a) Cell division
b) Cell differentiation
c) Cell migration
d) Cell signaling
Answer: b) Cell differentiation
Which of the following is the correct sequence of early developmental stages in animals?
a) Zygote, blastula, gastrula, neurula
b) Zygote, gastrula, blastula, neurula
c) Zygote, neurula, blastula, gastrula
d) Zygote, blastula, neurula, gastrula
Answer: a) Zygote, blastula, gastrula, neurula
The process by which a single fertilized egg gives rise to a multicellular organism is called:
a) Cleavage
b) Gastrulation
c) Morphogenesis
d) Gametogenesis
Answer: c) Morphogenesis
The formation of three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) during gastrulation is known as:
a) Cleavage
b) Neurulation
c) Differentiation
d) Germ layer specification
Answer: d) Germ layer specification
Which of the following is a process that involves the movement and rearrangement of cells to establish the three germ layers during gastrulation?
a) Cleavage
b) Neurulation
c) Differentiation
d) Cell migration
Answer: d) Cell migration
The formation of the neural tube during animal development is known as:
a) Cleavage
b) Neurulation
c) Differentiation
d) Germ layer specification
Answer: b) Neurulation
Which of the following is the outermost germ layer that gives rise to the nervous system, skin, and other external structures?
a) Ectoderm
b) Mesoderm
c) Endoderm
d) Epidermis
Answer: a) Ectoderm
Which of the following is the middle germ layer that gives rise to the skeletal system, muscles, circulatory system, and reproductive organs?
a) Ectoderm
b) Mesoderm
c) Endoderm
d) Epidermis
Answer: b) Mesoderm
Which of the following is the innermost germ layer that gives rise to the digestive system, respiratory system, and other internal organs?
a) Ectoderm
b) Mesoderm
c) Endoderm
d) Epidermis
Answer: c) Endoderm
The process by which cells divide rapidly without growth between divisions during early embryonic development is called:
a) Cleavage
b) Gastrulation
c) Differentiation
d) Proliferation
Answer: a) Cleavage
Which of the following is the term for a hollow ball of cells that forms during early embryonic development?
a) Blastula
b) Gastrula
c) Morula
d) Blastocyst
Answer: a) Blastula
The process by which a blastula rearranges into a three-layered structure called the gastrula is known as:
a) Cleavage
b) Gastrulation
c) Differentiation
d) Proliferation
Answer: b) Gastrulation
The specialized cells at one end of the blastula that give rise to the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm during gastrulation are called:
a) Stem cells
b) Blastomeres
c) Trophoblast cells
d) Organizer cells
Answer: d) Organizer cells
Which of the following is a type of cell adhesion molecule that plays a key role in cell migration and tissue formation during animal development?
a) Cadherin
b) Collagen
c) Fibronectin
d) Laminin
Answer: a) Cadherin
The process by which cells become committed to a particular developmental fate is called:
a) Determination
b) Differentiation
c) Induction
d) Specification
Answer: a) Determination
Which of the following is the term for the process by which cells acquire specialized structures and functions during development?
a) Determination
b) Differentiation
c) Induction
d) Specification
Answer: b) Differentiation
The process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type is known as:
a) Dedifferentiation
b) Transdifferentiation
c) Metamorphosis
d) Differentiation
Answer: d) Differentiation
The ability of a cell to give rise to multiple cell types during development is called:
a) Totipotency
b) Pluripotency
c) Multipotency
d) Unipotency
Answer: b) Pluripotency
Which of the following is a group of regulatory genes that control the development of body segments and structures in animals?
a) Homeobox genes
b) Proto-oncogenes
c) Tumor suppressor genes
d) Oncogenes
Answer: a) Homeobox genes
The process by which cells migrate and interact to shape the final form of an organism is known as:
a) Cell division
b) Cell differentiation
c) Morphogenesis
d) Apoptosis
Answer: c) Morphogenesis
The programmed cell death that occurs during development to remove unwanted or excess cells is called:
a) Necrosis
b) Apoptosis
c) Autophagy
d) Senescence
Answer: b) Apoptosis
Which of the following is the process by which body structures are generated and arranged during animal development?
a) Cleavage
b) Gastrulation
c) Morphogenesis
d) Differentiation
Answer: c) Morphogenesis
The process by which an organism undergoes a major change in body form and function during its life cycle is called:
a) Metamorphosis
b) Differentiation
c) Patterning
d) Segmentation
Answer: a) Metamorphosis
Which of the following is a type of cellular signaling that involves the diffusion of signaling molecules through extracellular fluid?
a) Endocrine signaling
b) Paracrine signaling
c) Autocrine signaling
d) Juxtacrine signaling
Answer: b) Paracrine signaling
The process by which a cell receives and responds to a signal from another cell or the environment is called:
a) Signal transduction
b) Signal reception
c) Signal amplification
d) Signal termination
Answer: a) Signal transduction
Which of the following is a group of signaling molecules that play a key role in controlling animal development, growth, and cell differentiation?
a) Growth factors
b) Hormones
c) Neurotransmitters
d) Cytokines
Answer: a) Growth factors
The process by which a single fertilized egg gives rise to multiple identical offspring is known as:
a) Fission
b) Budding
c) Fragmentation
d) Cloning
Answer: a) Fission
Which of the following is a reproductive strategy in which offspring are produced from unfertilized eggs?
a) Parthenogenesis
b) Asexual reproduction
c) Sexual reproduction
d) Hermaphroditism
Answer: a) Parthenogenesis
The phenomenon in which the sex of an individual is determined by environmental factors during development is known as:
a) Genetic determination
b) Epigenetic determination
c) Environmental determination
d) Hormonal determination
Answer: c) Environmental determination
Which of the following is the correct sequence of embryonic germ layers from outermost to innermost?
a) Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
b) Mesoderm, endoderm, ectoderm
c) Endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm
d) Ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm
Answer: a) Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
The process by which an organism develops from a fertilized egg into its adult form is called:
a) Embryogenesis
b) Metamorphosis
c) Reproduction
d) Differentiation
Answer: a) Embryogenesis
Which of the following is a regulatory gene that controls the development of specific body segments in animals?
a) Hox gene
b) Oncogene
c) Tumor suppressor gene
d) Homeobox gene
Answer: d) Homeobox gene
The process by which undifferentiated cells become specialized during development is known as:
a) Determination
b) Differentiation
c) Induction
d) Patterning
Answer: b) Differentiation
Which of the following is a type of cell division that produces cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?
a) Mitosis
b) Meiosis
c) Cytokinesis
d) Apoptosis
Answer: b) Meiosis
The process by which cells organize themselves into tissues and organs during development is called:
a) Cell division
b) Cell differentiation
c) Cell migration
d) Cell organization
Answer: d) Cell organization
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during early embryonic development in animals?
a) Fertilization, cleavage, blastula formation, gastrulation
b) Cleavage, fertilization, gastrulation, blastula formation
c) Fertilization, blastula formation, cleavage, gastrulation
d) Cleavage, blastula formation, gastrulation, fertilization
Answer: a) Fertilization, cleavage, blastula formation, gastrulation
The process by which cells divide rapidly and become smaller in size during early embryonic development is called:
a) Cleavage
b) Gastrulation
c) Differentiation
d) Proliferation
Answer: a) Cleavage
The process by which a blastula folds inward to form a three-layered structure called the gastrula is known as:
a) Cleavage
b) Neurulation
c) Differentiation
d) Gastrulation
Answer: d) Gastrulation
Which of the following is a group of regulatory genes that control the development of the anterior-posterior axis in animals?
a) Hox genes
b) Proto-oncogenes
c) Tumor suppressor genes
d) Oncogenes
Answer: a) Hox genes
The process by which cells migrate from one location to another during development is known as:
a) Cleavage
b) Gastrulation
c) Differentiation
d) Cell migration
Answer: d) Cell migration
The process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type again after being differentiated is called:
a) Dedifferentiation
b) Transdifferentiation
c) Metamorphosis
d) Differentiation
Answer: b) Transdifferentiation
Which of the following is a type of cell adhesion molecule that plays a key role in cell migration and tissue formation during animal development?
a) Cadherin
b) Collagen
c) Fibronectin
d) Laminin
Answer: a) Cadherin
The process by which cells acquire specialized functions and structures during development is known as:
a) Determination
b) Differentiation
c) Induction
d) Specification
Answer: b) Differentiation
The ability of a cell to give rise to all cell types of an organism, including extraembryonic tissues, is called:
a) Totipotency
b) Pluripotency
c) Multipotency
d) Unipotency
Answer: a) Totipotency
Which of the following is a group of regulatory genes that control the development of body segments and structures in animals?
a) Homeobox genes
b) Proto-oncogenes
c) Tumor suppressor genes
d) Oncogenes
Answer: a) Homeobox genes
The process by which cells rearrange and interact to shape the final form of an organism is known as:
a) Cell division
b) Cell differentiation
c) Morphogenesis
d) Apoptosis
Answer: c) Morphogenesis
The programmed cell death that occurs during development to remove unwanted or excess cells is called:
a) Necrosis
b) Apoptosis
c) Autophagy
d) Senescence
Answer: b) Apoptosis
The process by which cells organize themselves into tissues and organs during development is called:
a) Cell division
b) Cell differentiation
c) Cell migration
d) Cell organization
Answer: d) Cell organization
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during early embryonic development in animals?
a) Fertilization, cleavage, blastula formation, gastrulation
b) Cleavage, fertilization, gastrulation, blastula formation
c) Fertilization, blastula formation, cleavage, gastrulation
d) Cleavage, blastula formation, gastrulation, fertilization
Answer: a) Fertilization, cleavage, blastula formation, gastrulation
The process by which cells divide rapidly and become smaller in size during early embryonic development is called:
a) Cleavage
b) Gastrulation
c) Differentiation
d) Proliferation
Answer: a) Cleavage
The process by which a blastula folds inward to form a three-layered structure called the gastrula is known as:
a) Cleavage
b) Neurulation
c) Differentiation
d) Gastrulation
Answer: d) Gastrulation
Which of the following is a group of regulatory genes that control the development of the anterior-posterior axis in animals?
a) Hox genes
b) Proto-oncogenes
c) Tumor suppressor genes
d) Oncogenes
Answer: a) Hox genes
The process by which cells migrate from one location to another during development is known as:
a) Cleavage
b) Gastrulation
c) Differentiation
d) Cell migration
Answer: d) Cell migration
The process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type again after being differentiated is called:
a) Dedifferentiation
b) Transdifferentiation
c) Metamorphosis
d) Differentiation
Answer: b) Transdifferentiation
Which of the following is a type of cell adhesion molecule that plays a key role in cell migration and tissue formation during animal development?
a) Cadherin
b) Collagen
c) Fibronectin
d) Laminin
Answer: a) Cadherin
The process by which cells acquire specialized functions and structures during development is known as:
a) Determination
b) Differentiation
c) Induction
d) Specification
Answer: b) Differentiation
The ability of a cell to give rise to all cell types of an organism, excluding extraembryonic tissues, is called:
a) Totipotency
b) Pluripotency
c) Multipotency
d) Unipotency
Answer: b) Pluripotency
Which of the following is a group of regulatory genes that control the development of body segments and structures in animals?
a) Homeobox genes
b) Proto-oncogenes
c) Tumor suppressor genes
d) Oncogenes
Answer: a) Homeobox genes
The process by which cells rearrange and interact to shape the final form of an organism is known as:
a) Cell division
b) Cell differentiation
c) Morphogenesis
d) Apoptosis
Answer: c) Morphogenesis
The programmed cell death that occurs during development to remove unwanted or excess cells is called:
a) Necrosis
b) Apoptosis
c) Autophagy
d) Senescence
Answer: b) Apoptosis
The process by which cells organize themselves into tissues and organs during development is called:
a) Cell division
b) Cell differentiation
c) Cell migration
d) Cell organization
Answer: d) Cell organization
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during early embryonic development in animals?
a) Fertilization, cleavage, blastula formation, gastrulation
b) Cleavage, fertilization, gastrulation, blastula formation
c) Fertilization, blastula formation, cleavage, gastrulation
d) Cleavage, blastula formation, gastrulation, fertilization
Answer: a) Fertilization, cleavage, blastula formation, gastrulation
The process by which cells divide rapidly and become smaller in size during early embryonic development is called:
a) Cleavage
b) Gastrulation
c) Differentiation
d) Proliferation
Answer: a) Cleavage
The process by which a blastula folds inward to form a three-layered structure called the gastrula is known as:
a) Cleavage
b) Neurulation
c) Differentiation
d) Gastrulation
Answer: d) Gastrulation
Which of the following is a group of regulatory genes that control the development of the anterior-posterior axis in animals?
a) Hox genes
b) Proto-oncogenes
c) Tumor suppressor genes
d) Oncogenes
Answer: a) Hox genes
The process by which cells migrate from one location to another during development is known as:
a) Cleavage
b) Gastrulation
c) Differentiation
d) Cell migration
Answer: d) Cell migration
The process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type again after being differentiated is called:
a) Dedifferentiation
b) Transdifferentiation
c) Metamorphosis
d) Differentiation
Answer: b) Transdifferentiation
Which of the following is a type of cell adhesion molecule that plays a key role in cell migration and tissue formation during animal development?
a) Cadherin
b) Collagen
c) Fibronectin
d) Laminin
Answer: a) Cadherin
The process by which cells acquire specialized functions and structures during development is known as:
a) Determination
b) Differentiation
c) Induction
d) Specification
Answer: b) Differentiation
The ability of a cell to give rise to all cell types of an organism, excluding extraembryonic tissues, is called:
a) Totipotency
b) Pluripotency
c) Multipotency
d) Unipotency
Answer: b) Pluripotency
