Which of the following gases is primarily responsible for the greenhouse effect?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Methane
Answer: b) Carbon dioxide
Acid rain is primarily caused by the emission of which gases into the atmosphere?
a) Carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide
b) Methane and nitrogen dioxide
c) Nitrous oxide and ozone
d) Hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide
Answer: a) Carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide
Ozone depletion in the stratosphere is mainly caused by the release of:
a) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
b) Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
c) Particulate matter (PM)
d) Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Answer: a) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
The main source of indoor air pollution in homes is:
a) Carbon monoxide from vehicle exhaust
b) Nitrogen oxides from industrial emissions
c) Radon gas from the ground
d) Ozone from air pollution
Answer: c) Radon gas from the ground
Which of the following pollutants is known to cause respiratory problems and lung cancer?
a) Lead
b) Mercury
c) Asbestos
d) Arsenic
Answer: c) Asbestos
Eutrophication is a process that occurs when water bodies receive excessive amounts of:
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Nitrogen and phosphorus
c) Sulfur dioxide
d) Methane
Answer: b) Nitrogen and phosphorus
Which of the following is a greenhouse gas released by agricultural activities, such as rice cultivation and livestock farming?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Methane
c) Nitrous oxide
d) Ozone
Answer: b) Methane
Photochemical smog is primarily formed by the reaction between:
a) Sulfur dioxide and oxygen
b) Nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
c) Carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide
d) Ozone and carbon dioxide
Answer: b) Nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Which of the following pollutants is responsible for the formation of “brown haze” or “Asian brown cloud”?
a) Particulate matter (PM)
b) Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
c) Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
d) Carbon monoxide (CO)
Answer: a) Particulate matter (PM)
The process of leaching occurs when pollutants are washed away from soil or waste material by:
a) Wind
b) Rainwater
c) Volcanic activity
d) Evaporation
Answer: b) Rainwater
Which of the following is a primary air pollutant emitted directly into the atmosphere?
a) Ozone (O3)
b) Smog
c) Acid rain
d) Carbon monoxide (CO)
Answer: d) Carbon monoxide (CO)
The process of biomagnification refers to the increase in concentration of pollutants:
a) In water bodies
b) In the atmosphere
c) Within an ecosystem’s food chain
d) In the soil
Answer: c) Within an ecosystem’s food chain
The main source of anthropogenic mercury emissions into the environment is primarily from:
a) Industrial combustion of coal
b) Volcanic activity
c) Forest fires
d) Fertilizer use in agriculture
Answer: a) Industrial combustion of coal
The process of ozonation is commonly used in water treatment to remove:
a) Bacteria and viruses
b) Suspended solids
c) Dissolved organic compounds
d) Heavy metals
Answer: c) Dissolved organic compounds
The primary mechanism by which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and stored is through:
a) Photosynthesis by plants
b) Volcanic activity
c) Oceanic absorption
d) Combustion processes
Answer: a) Photosynthesis by plants
The main environmental concern associated with nuclear power plants is the production of:
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Sulfur dioxide
c) Radioactive waste
d) Smog
Answer: c) Radioactive waste
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a group of chemical compounds that:
a) Easily degrade in the environment
b) Are found naturally in the atmosphere
c) Have long-term persistence and bioaccumulate in organisms
d) Are exclusively used in industrial processes
Answer: c) Have long-term persistence and bioaccumulate in organisms
The process of phytoremediation involves the use of plants to:
a) Remove pollutants from soil, water, or air
b) Produce biofuels
c) Generate electricity
d) Absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
Answer: a) Remove pollutants from soil, water, or air
The Montreal Protocol is an international agreement aimed at:
a) Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
b) Regulating the disposal of hazardous waste
c) Phasing out the production and use of ozone-depleting substances
d) Controlling air pollution from industrial sources
Answer: c) Phasing out the production and use of ozone-depleting substances
The term “bioaccumulation” refers to the:
a) Breakdown of pollutants by microorganisms
b) Accumulation of pollutants in living organisms over time
c) Dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere
d) Absorption of pollutants by soil particles
Answer: b) Accumulation of pollutants in living organisms over time
The process of ozone formation in the troposphere is initiated by the reaction between:
a) Carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide
b) Sulfur dioxide and oxygen
c) Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)
d) Methane and ozone
Answer: c) Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)
The primary source of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is:
a) Vehicle emissions
b) Industrial emissions
c) Building materials and household products
d) Forest fires
Answer: c) Building materials and household products
The process of sedimentation involves the settling of:
a) Particulate matter in the atmosphere
b) Pollutants in water bodies
c) Gases in the atmosphere
d) Soil particles in the environment
Answer: b) Pollutants in water bodies
The primary component of photochemical smog that causes eye irritation and respiratory problems is:
a) Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
b) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
c) Ozone (O3)
d) Carbon monoxide (CO)
Answer: c) Ozone (O3)
The process of fumigation involves the use of:
a) Pesticides to control pests
b) Radiation to sterilize medical equipment
c) Chemicals to purify drinking water
d) Solvents to clean contaminated soil
Answer: a) Pesticides to control pests
The term “biochemical oxygen demand” (BOD) is a measure of:
a) The amount of oxygen required by aquatic organisms to survive
b) The concentration of organic pollutants in water
c) The level of oxygen depletion caused by microbial activity
d) The rate of oxygen production through photosynthesis
Answer: c) The level of oxygen depletion caused by microbial activity
The process of hydrolysis involves the breakdown of a compound by:
a) Exposure to sunlight
b) Reaction with water
c) Combustion
d) Oxidation
Answer: b) Reaction with water
The term “endocrine disruptors” refers to chemical substances that:
a) Mimic hormones in the human body
b) Enhance the immune system
c) Neutralize toxic substances
d) Catalyze biochemical reactions
Answer: a) Mimic hormones in the human body
The process of chlorination is commonly used in water treatment to:
a) Remove suspended solids
b) Control pH levels
c) Disinfect water by killing microorganisms
d) Remove dissolved organic compounds
Answer: c) Disinfect water by killing microorganisms
The term “point source pollution” refers to pollution that originates from:
a) A single identifiable source, such as a factory or power plant
b) Multiple scattered sources, such as vehicle emissions
c) Natural processes, such as volcanic eruptions
d) Agricultural activities, such as pesticide use
Answer: a) A single identifiable source, such as a factory or power plant
The main environmental concern associated with oil spills is the:
a) Contamination of water bodies and coastlines
b) Release of greenhouse gases
c) Depletion of ozone in the atmosphere
d) Eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems
Answer: a) Contamination of water bodies and coastlines
The process of sedimentation involves the settling of:
a) Particulate matter in the atmosphere
b) Pollutants in water bodies
c) Gases in the atmosphere
d) Soil particles in the environment
Answer: b) Pollutants in water bodies
The term “biomimicry” refers to the practice of:
a) Imitating natural processes and systems in design and engineering
b) Modifying genetic material to produce desired traits in organisms
c) Using renewable energy sources for power generation
d) Designing environmentally-friendly products and technologies
Answer: a) Imitating natural processes and systems in design and engineering
The process of biodegradation involves the breakdown of organic compounds by:
a) Microorganisms
b) Exposure to sunlight
c) Chemical reactions
d) High temperatures
Answer: a) Microorganisms
The term “bioavailability” refers to the:
a) Ease with which a pollutant can enter and affect an organism
b) Degree of toxicity of a chemical substance
c) Rate at which pollutants are released into the environment
d) Ability of an organism to metabolize pollutants
Answer: a) Ease with which a pollutant can enter and affect an organism
The main source of anthropogenic lead emissions into the environment is primarily from:
a) Industrial processes
b) Vehicle emissions
c) Agricultural activities
d) Natural weathering of rocks
Answer: b) Vehicle emissions
The process of composting involves the:
a) Incineration of waste materials
b) Conversion of organic waste into nutrient-rich soil
c) Extraction of metals from electronic waste
d) Treatment of water using activated carbon
Answer: b) Conversion of organic waste into nutrient-rich soil
The main source of anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions into the atmosphere is primarily from:
a) Volcanic activity
b) Industrial combustion of fossil fuels
c) Forest fires
d) Agricultural activities
Answer: b) Industrial combustion of fossil fuels
The process of desalination involves the:
a) Removal of dissolved salts from seawater to produce freshwater
b) Addition of chlorine to water for disinfection
c) Removal of organic pollutants from water using activated carbon
d) Conversion of wastewater into reusable water
Answer: a) Removal of dissolved salts from seawater to produce freshwater
The term “heavy metals” refers to metallic elements that:
a) Have high atomic weights
b) Are radioactive in nature
c) Are toxic to living organisms at low concentrations
d) Have high thermal conductivity
Answer: c) Are toxic to living organisms at low concentrations
The process of adsorption involves the:
a) Attachment of pollutants to the surface of a solid material
b) Conversion of pollutants into harmless substances
c) Oxidation of pollutants using ozone or hydrogen peroxide
d) Biological degradation of pollutants by microorganisms
Answer: a) Attachment of pollutants to the surface of a solid material
The term “persistent organic pollutants” (POPs) includes a group of chemical compounds that are:
a) Highly soluble in water
b) Rapidly degraded in the environment
c) Easily transported over long distances
d) Produced naturally by plants and animals
Answer: c) Easily transported over long distances
The primary component of photochemical smog that causes eye irritation and respiratory problems is:
a) Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
b) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
c) Ozone (O3)
d) Carbon monoxide (CO)
Answer: c) Ozone (O3)
The main source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions is primarily from:
a) Industrial processes
b) Deforestation and land-use changes
c) Agricultural activities
d) Energy production and consumption
Answer: d) Energy production and consumption
The process of incineration involves the:
a) Conversion of solid waste into ash and gases through combustion
b) Conversion of biomass into biofuels through chemical reactions
c) Extraction of metals from electronic waste
d) Treatment of wastewater using heat and chemicals
Answer: a) Conversion of solid waste into ash and gases through combustion
The primary environmental concern associated with the use of pesticides is:
a) Soil erosion
b) Water pollution
c) Air pollution
d) Depletion of the ozone layer
Answer: b) Water pollution
The process of biomagnification refers to the increase in concentration of pollutants:
a) In water bodies
b) In the atmosphere
c) Within an ecosystem’s food chain
d) In the soil
Answer: c) Within an ecosystem’s food chain
The main source of anthropogenic nitrogen oxide emissions into the atmosphere is primarily from:
a) Volcanic activity
b) Industrial combustion of fossil fuels
c) Forest fires
d) Agricultural activities
Answer: b) Industrial combustion of fossil fuels
The process of sedimentation involves the settling of:
a) Particulate matter in the atmosphere
b) Pollutants in water bodies
c) Gases in the atmosphere
d) Soil particles in the environment
Answer: b) Pollutants in water bodies
The term “bioaccumulation” refers to the:
a) Breakdown of pollutants by microorganisms
b) Accumulation of pollutants in living organisms over time
c) Dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere
d) Absorption of pollutants by soil particles
Answer: b) Accumulation of pollutants in living organisms over time
The process of ozone formation in the troposphere is initiated by the reaction between:
a) Carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide
b) Sulfur dioxide and oxygen
c) Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)
d) Methane and ozone
Answer: c) Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)
The primary source of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is:
a) Vehicle emissions
b) Industrial emissions
c) Building materials and household products
d) Forest fires
Answer: c) Building materials and household products
The process of sedimentation involves the settling of:
a) Particulate matter in the atmosphere
b) Pollutants in water bodies
c) Gases in the atmosphere
d) Soil particles in the environment
Answer: b) Pollutants in water bodies
The primary component of photochemical smog that causes eye irritation and respiratory problems is:
a) Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
b) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
c) Ozone (O3)
d) Carbon monoxide (CO)
Answer: c) Ozone (O3)
The process of fumigation involves the use of:
a) Pesticides to control pests
b) Radiation to sterilize medical equipment
c) Chemicals to purify drinking water
d) Solvents to clean contaminated soil
Answer: a) Pesticides to control pests
The term “eutrophication” refers to the:
a) Depletion of oxygen in water bodies
b) Accumulation of heavy metals in organisms
c) Formation of acid rain
d) Excessive growth of algae and aquatic plants in water bodies
Answer: d) Excessive growth of algae and aquatic plants in water bodies
The main source of anthropogenic mercury emissions into the environment is primarily from:
a) Industrial combustion of coal
b) Volcanic activity
c) Forest fires
d) Fertilizer use in agriculture
Answer: a) Industrial combustion of coal
The process of ozonation is commonly used in water treatment to remove:
a) Bacteria and viruses
b) Suspended solids
c) Dissolved organic compounds
d) Heavy metals
Answer: c) Dissolved organic compounds
The primary mechanism by which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and stored is through:
a) Photosynthesis by plants
b) Volcanic activity
c) Oceanic absorption
d) Combustion processes
Answer: a) Photosynthesis by plants
The main environmental concern associated with nuclear power plants is the production of:
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Sulfur dioxide
c) Radioactive waste
d) Smog
Answer: c) Radioactive waste
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a group of chemical compounds that:
a) Easily degrade in the environment
b) Are found naturally in the atmosphere
c) Have long-term persistence and bioaccumulate in organisms
d) Are exclusively used in industrial processes
Answer: c) Have long-term persistence and bioaccumulate in organisms
The process of phytoremediation involves the use of plants to:
a) Remove pollutants from soil, water, or air
b) Produce biofuels
c) Generate electricity
d) Absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
Answer: a) Remove pollutants from soil, water, or air
The Montreal Protocol is an international agreement aimed at:
a) Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
b) Regulating the disposal of hazardous waste
c) Phasing out the production and use of ozone-depleting substances
d) Controlling air pollution from industrial sources
Answer: c) Phasing out the production and use of ozone-depleting substances
The term “biochemical oxygen demand” (BOD) is a measure of:
a) The amount of oxygen required by aquatic organisms to survive
b) The concentration of organic pollutants in water
c) The level of oxygen depletion caused by microbial activity
d) The rate of oxygen production through photosynthesis
Answer: c) The level of oxygen depletion caused by microbial activity
The process of hydrolysis involves the breakdown of a compound by:
a) Exposure to sunlight
b) Reaction with water
c) Combustion
d) Oxidation
Answer: b) Reaction with water
The term “endocrine disruptors” refers to chemical substances that:
a) Mimic hormones in the human body
b) Enhance the immune system
c) Neutralize toxic substances
d) Catalyze biochemical reactions
Answer: a) Mimic hormones in the human body
The process of chlorination is commonly used in water treatment to:
a) Remove suspended solids
b) Control pH levels
c) Disinfect water by killing microorganisms
d) Remove dissolved organic compounds
Answer: c) Disinfect water by killing microorganisms
The term “point source pollution” refers to pollution that originates from:
a) A single identifiable source, such as a factory or power plant
b) Multiple scattered sources, such as vehicle emissions
c) Natural processes, such as volcanic eruptions
d) Agricultural activities, such as pesticide use
Answer: a) A single identifiable source, such as a factory or power plant
The main source of anthropogenic lead emissions into the environment is primarily from:
a) Industrial processes
b) Vehicle emissions
c) Agricultural activities
d) Natural weathering of rocks
Answer: b) Vehicle emissions
The process of composting involves the:
a) Incineration of waste materials
b) Conversion of organic waste into nutrient-rich soil
c) Extraction of metals from electronic waste
d) Treatment of water using activated carbon
Answer: b) Conversion of organic waste into nutrient-rich soil
