What is the basic unit of heredity?
a) Gene
b) Chromosome
c) Allele
d) Trait
Answer: a) Gene
Which of the following is responsible for transmitting genetic information from one generation to the next?
a) RNA
b) DNA
c) Protein
d) Enzyme
Answer: b) DNA
What is the term for the specific location of a gene on a chromosome?
a) Genotype
b) Phenotype
c) Locus
d) Allele
Answer: c) Locus
How many chromosomes are present in a human somatic cell?
a) 23
b) 46
c) 69
d) 92
Answer: b) 46
Which of the following statements about alleles is true?
a) Alleles are alternate forms of the same gene.
b) Alleles are located on different chromosomes.
c) Alleles always result in the same phenotype.
d) Alleles are produced by mutations.
Answer: a) Alleles are alternate forms of the same gene.
What is the term for an organism’s genetic makeup?
a) Genotype
b) Phenotype
c) Chromosome
d) Allele
Answer: a) Genotype
Which of the following describes a dominant trait?
a) It is always expressed in the phenotype.
b) It is only expressed in the presence of a recessive allele.
c) It is represented by a lowercase letter.
d) It is less common in a population.
Answer: a) It is always expressed in the phenotype.
What is the term for the physical expression of an organism’s genes?
a) Genotype
b) Phenotype
c) Chromosome
d) Allele
Answer: b) Phenotype
Which of the following is an example of a recessive trait?
a) Brown eyes
b) Attached earlobes
c) Type A blood
d) Freckles
Answer: b) Attached earlobes
What is the probability of having a child with a dominant phenotype when both parents are heterozygous for a particular trait?
a) 0%
b) 25%
c) 50%
d) 75%
Answer: c) 50%
What is the term for an individual who carries a recessive allele but does not express the corresponding trait?
a) Homozygous
b) Heterozygous
c) Carrier
d) Dominant
Answer: c) Carrier
What is the term for the inheritance pattern in which both alleles contribute to the phenotype?
a) Dominant
b) Recessive
c) Codominant
d) Incomplete dominance
Answer: c) Codominant
Which of the following statements about sex-linked traits is true?
a) Sex-linked traits are only expressed in females.
b) Sex-linked traits are located on the Y chromosome.
c) Males are more likely to inherit sex-linked traits.
d) Sex-linked traits are always recessive.
Answer: c) Males are more likely to inherit sex-linked traits.
What is the term for the inheritance pattern in which the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is intermediate between the phenotypes of the homozygous individuals?
a) Dominant
b) Recessive
c) Codominant
d) Incomplete dominance
Answer: d) Incomplete dominance
What is the probability of having a child with a recessive phenotype when both parents are heterozygous for a particular trait?
a) 0%
b) 25%
c) 50%
d) 75%
Answer: b) 25%
Which of the following is an example of a sex-linked trait?
a) Height
b) Eye color
c) Hemophilia
d) Hair texture
Answer: c) Hemophilia
What is the term for the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis?
a) Crossing over
b) Segregation
c) Independent assortment
d) Synapsis
Answer: d) Synapsis
What is the term for the random distribution of alleles into gametes during meiosis?
a) Crossing over
b) Segregation
c) Independent assortment
d) Synapsis
Answer: c) Independent assortment
Which of the following is an example of a polygenic trait?
a) Freckles
b) Type O blood
c) Height
d) Hitchhiker’s thumb
Answer: c) Height
What is the term for a change in the DNA sequence of a gene?
a) Mutation
b) Recombination
c) Transcription
d) Translation
Answer: a) Mutation
Which of the following is true about recessive traits?
a) They are always more common than dominant traits.
b) They can skip generations.
c) They are always expressed in the phenotype.
d) They are represented by a lowercase letter.
Answer: b) They can skip generations.
What is the term for the process by which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA?
a) Mutation
b) Recombination
c) Transcription
d) Translation
Answer: c) Transcription
Which of the following is an example of a homozygous genotype?
a) BB
b) Bb
c) Bb
d) bb
Answer: a) BB
What is the term for the process by which genetic information is decoded from RNA to produce a protein?
a) Mutation
b) Recombination
c) Transcription
d) Translation
Answer: d) Translation
Which of the following is an example of a multiple allele trait?
a) Eye color
b) Hair color
c) Blood type
d) Finger length
Answer: c) Blood type
What is the term for the observable characteristics of an organism?
a) Genotype
b) Phenotype
c) Chromosome
d) Allele
Answer: b) Phenotype
Which of the following represents a homozygous recessive genotype?
a) GG
b) Gg
c) Gg
d) gg
Answer: d) gg
What is the term for the process by which segments of DNA are exchanged between homologous chromosomes during meiosis?
a) Mutation
b) Recombination
c) Transcription
d) Translation
Answer: b) Recombination
Which of the following represents a heterozygous genotype?
a) AA
b) Aa
c) Aa
d) aa
Answer: b) Aa
What is the term for the likelihood of an event occurring?
a) Probability
b) Ratio
c) Frequency
d) Proportion
Answer: a) Probability
Which of the following is an example of a chromosomal abnormality?
a) Sickle cell anemia
b) Down syndrome
c) Huntington’s disease
d) Cystic fibrosis
Answer: b) Down syndrome
What is the term for a gene that masks the effect of another gene?
a) Dominant gene
b) Recessive gene
c) Allele
d) Locus
Answer: a) Dominant gene
Which of the following is an example of a sex-influenced trait?
a) Color blindness
b) Baldness
c) Hemophilia
d) Albinism
Answer: b) Baldness
What is the term for the process by which two alleles segregate and recombine randomly during gamete formation?
a) Crossing over
b) Segregation
c) Independent assortment
d) Synapsis
Answer: b) Segregation
Which of the following represents a homozygous dominant genotype?
a) TT
b) Tt
c) Tt
d) tt
Answer: a) TT
What is the term for a chart that shows the genetic relationships among family members?
a) Pedigree
b) Punnett square
c) Genotype
d) Phenotype
Answer: a) Pedigree
Which of the following is an example of a mitochondrial disorder?
a) Sickle cell anemia
b) Hemophilia
c) Down syndrome
d) Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy
Answer: d) Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy
What is the term for the likelihood that a particular genotype will be expressed in the phenotype?
a) Penetrance
b) Expressivity
c) Segregation
d) Recombination
Answer: a) Penetrance
Which of the following represents a heterozygous genotype?
a) SS
b) Ss
c) Ss
d) ss
Answer: b) Ss
What is the term for the process by which DNA is duplicated before cell division?
a) Mutation
b) Replication
c) Transcription
d) Translation
Answer: b) Replication
Which of the following is an example of a phenotype influenced by both genes and the environment?
a) Height
b) Eye color
c) Blood type
d) Hair texture
Answer: a) Height
What is the term for an alternative form of a gene?
a) Dominant allele
b) Recessive allele
c) Locus
d) Codon
Answer: c) Locus
Which of the following is an example of a sex-limited trait?
a) Hemophilia
b) Color blindness
c) Breast development in females
d) Baldness in males
Answer: c) Breast development in females
What is the term for the likelihood that a trait will be expressed when an individual has a particular genotype?
a) Penetrance
b) Expressivity
c) Segregation
d) Recombination
Answer: b) Expressivity
Which of the following represents a genotype with two different alleles?
a) YY
b) Yy
c) Yy
d) yy
Answer: b) Yy
What is the term for the study of how traits are inherited and passed on from one generation to the next?
a) Genetics
b) Heredity
c) Evolution
d) Variation
Answer: a) Genetics
Which of the following is an example of a mutation?
a) A child inheriting blue eyes from both parents
b) A child inheriting a genetic disorder from a parent
c) A child inheriting a height trait from a parent
d) A child inheriting a blood type from a parent
Answer: b) A child inheriting a genetic disorder from a parent
What is the term for the proportion of individuals in a population who have a particular genotype and express the corresponding phenotype?
a) Penetrance
b) Expressivity
c) Segregation
d) Recombination
Answer: a) Penetrance
Which of the following represents a genotype with two identical alleles?
a) AA
b) Aa
c) Aa
d) aa
Answer: a) AA
What is the term for the physical location of a gene on a chromosome?
a) Genotype
b) Phenotype
c) Locus
d) Allele
Answer: c) Locus
Which of the following is an example of a mutation?
a) A child inheriting eye color from a parent
b) A child inheriting a height trait from a parent
c) A child inheriting a blood type from a parent
d) A child inheriting a genetic disorder from a parent
Answer: d) A child inheriting a genetic disorder from a parent
What is the term for the study of the structure and function of genes?
a) Genetics
b) Heredity
c) Evolution
d) Molecular biology
Answer: a) Genetics
Which of the following is an example of a phenotype influenced by environmental factors?
a) Eye color
b) Blood type
c) Skin color
d) Baldness
Answer: c) Skin color
What is the term for the proportion of individuals in a population who have a particular genotype and exhibit the corresponding phenotype to some degree?
a) Penetrance
b) Expressivity
c) Segregation
d) Recombination
Answer: b) Expressivity
Which of the following represents a genotype with two copies of the same allele?
a) SS
b) Ss
c) Ss
d) ss
Answer: d) ss
What is the term for the transfer of genetic material from parent to offspring?
a) Inheritance
b) Heredity
c) Variation
d) Reproduction
Answer: b) Heredity
Which of the following is an example of a mutation?
a) A child inheriting blood type from a parent
b) A child inheriting eye color from a parent
c) A child inheriting a height trait from a parent
d) A child inheriting a genetic disorder from a parent
Answer: d) A child inheriting a genetic disorder from a parent
What is the term for the study of how traits change and evolve over time?
a) Genetics
b) Heredity
c) Evolution
d) Variation
Answer: c) Evolution
Which of the following is an example of a phenotype influenced by both genes and the environment?
a) Eye color
b) Blood type
c) Skin color
d) Hair texture
Answer: c) Skin color
What is the term for the process by which genes are passed from parent to offspring?
a) Inheritance
b) Heredity
c) Variation
d) Reproduction
Answer: a) Inheritance
