Geometrical optics deals with the study of light propagation in terms of:
a) Electromagnetic waves
b) Quantum particles
c) Ray approximation
d) Particle-wave duality
Answer: c) Ray approximation
Which of the following statements about light rays is true?
a) Light rays always travel in straight lines.
b) Light rays can bend around corners.
c) Light rays can travel faster than the speed of light.
d) Light rays have mass.
Answer: a) Light rays always travel in straight lines.
The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is:
a) Greater than the angle of reflection
b) Equal to the angle of reflection
c) Less than the angle of reflection
d) Unrelated to the angle of reflection
Answer: b) Equal to the angle of reflection
The image formed by a plane mirror is:
a) Real and inverted
b) Virtual and inverted
c) Real and upright
d) Virtual and upright
Answer: d) Virtual and upright
The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another is called:
a) Reflection
b) Refraction
c) Diffraction
d) Dispersion
Answer: b) Refraction
The refractive index of a medium is a measure of its:
a) Reflectivity
b) Transmissivity
c) Optical density
d) Color
Answer: c) Optical density
Snell’s law relates the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction to the:
a) Speed of light in the medium
b) Wavelength of light
c) Frequency of light
d) Amplitude of light
Answer: a) Speed of light in the medium
When light passes from a rarer medium to a denser medium, it:
a) Speeds up
b) Slows down
c) Reflects
d) Scatters
Answer: b) Slows down
Total internal reflection occurs when light:
a) Passes through a transparent medium
b) Bends upon entering a denser medium
c) Reflects off a surface at a certain angle
d) Is absorbed by a medium
Answer: c) Reflects off a surface at a certain angle
The critical angle is the angle of incidence at which:
a) Total internal reflection occurs
b) Refraction is maximum
c) Reflection is maximum
d) Dispersion of light occurs
Answer: a) Total internal reflection occurs
The phenomenon responsible for the splitting of white light into its component colors is called:
a) Reflection
b) Refraction
c) Diffraction
d) Dispersion
Answer: d) Dispersion
The colors of the rainbow are produced by:
a) Absorption of light by water droplets
b) Scattering of light by water droplets
c) Reflection of light by water droplets
d) Refraction of light by water droplets
Answer: d) Refraction of light by water droplets
The focal length of a converging lens is:
a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Zero
d) Infinity
Answer: a) Positive
A converging lens causes light rays to:
a) Diverge
b) Converge
c) Reflect
d) Absorb
Answer: b) Converge
The image formed by a converging lens can be:
a) Real or virtual, inverted or upright
b) Virtual and inverted
c) Real and upright
d) Virtual and upright
Answer: a) Real or virtual, inverted or upright
The lens formula relates the object distance (u), image distance (v), and focal length (f) of a lens. It is given by:
a) 1/f = 1/u + 1/v
b) f = u + v
c) f = u/v
d) f = v/u
Answer: a) 1/f = 1/u + 1/v
A diverging lens causes light rays to:
a) Diverge
b) Converge
c) Reflect
d) Absorb
Answer: a) Diverge
The image formed by a diverging lens is always:
a) Real and inverted
b) Virtual and inverted
c) Real and upright
d) Virtual and upright
Answer: b) Virtual and inverted
The power of a lens is measured in:
a) Watts
b) Amperes
c) Joules
d) Diopters
Answer: d) Diopters
The power of a lens is the reciprocal of its:
a) Focal length
b) Object distance
c) Image distance
d) Magnification
Answer: a) Focal length
A lens with a negative power is a:
a) Converging lens
b) Diverging lens
c) Spherical lens
d) Cylindrical lens
Answer: b) Diverging lens
A lens with a positive power is a:
a) Converging lens
b) Diverging lens
c) Spherical lens
d) Cylindrical lens
Answer: a) Converging lens
The phenomenon in which an object appears to be floating in mid-air due to the bending of light is called:
a) Reflection
b) Refraction
c) Diffraction
d) Mirage
Answer: d) Mirage
The magnification produced by a lens is given by the ratio of:
a) Object distance to image distance
b) Image distance to object distance
c) Object height to image height
d) Image height to object height
Answer: c) Object height to image height
A convex mirror always produces an image that is:
a) Real and inverted
b) Virtual and inverted
c) Real and upright
d) Virtual and upright
Answer: d) Virtual and upright
The radius of curvature of a convex mirror is:
a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Zero
d) Infinity
Answer: c) Zero
A concave mirror can produce an image that is:
a) Real or virtual, inverted or upright
b) Virtual and inverted
c) Real and upright
d) Virtual and upright
Answer: a) Real or virtual, inverted or upright
The focal length of a concave mirror is:
a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Zero
d) Infinity
Answer: b) Negative
The mirror formula relates the object distance (u), image distance (v), and focal length (f) of a mirror. It is given by:
a) 1/f = 1/u + 1/v
b) f = u + v
c) f = u/v
d) f = v/u
Answer: a) 1/f = 1/u + 1/v
The mirror equation gives the relationship between the object distance (u), image distance (v), and the:
a) Radius of curvature
b) Focal length
c) Diameter of the mirror
d) Index of refraction
Answer: b) Focal length
An object placed at the focal point of a converging lens will produce:
a) No image
b) A real and inverted image
c) A virtual and upright image
d) A magnified image
Answer: a) No image
The angle of incidence for a light ray passing through a medium with a higher refractive index is:
a) Less than the angle of refraction
b) Greater than the angle of refraction
c) Equal to the angle of refraction
d) Unrelated to the angle of refraction
Answer: b) Greater than the angle of refraction
A lens that has different curvatures along its two principal meridians is called a:
a) Bifocal lens
b) Cylindrical lens
c) Spherical lens
d) Toric lens
Answer: b) Cylindrical lens
The phenomenon in which light waves spread out after passing through a small opening or around an obstacle is called:
a) Reflection
b) Refraction
c) Diffraction
d) Dispersion
Answer: c) Diffraction
The resolving power of an optical instrument is determined by its:
a) Magnification
b) Focal length
c) Numerical aperture
d) Resolving limit
Answer: c) Numerical aperture
The interference of light waves can result in the formation of:
a) Mirages
b) Rainbows
c) Polarization
d) Diffraction patterns
Answer: d) Diffraction patterns
The polarization of light refers to the:
a) Bending of light waves
b) Reflection of light waves
c) Dispersion of light waves
d) Alignment of light waves
Answer: d) Alignment of light waves
An optical fiber works on the principle of:
a) Total internal reflection
b) Diffraction
c) Interference
d) Dispersion
Answer: a) Total internal reflection
The ability of a lens or a mirror to focus parallel rays of light to a single point is called:
a) Diffraction
b) Dispersion
c) Focusing power
d) Aberration
Answer: c) Focusing power
Chromatic aberration in lenses is caused by:
a) Different colors of light having different speeds in the lens material
b) Imperfections in the lens surface
c) Incorrect curvature of the lens
d) Poor alignment of lens elements
Answer: a) Different colors of light having different speeds in the lens material
Spherical aberration in lenses is caused by:
a) Different colors of light having different speeds in the lens material
b) Imperfections in the lens surface
c) Incorrect curvature of the lens
d) Poor alignment of lens elements
Answer: c) Incorrect curvature of the lens
Astigmatism is a type of optical aberration that results in:
a) Blurred vision at all distances
b) Blurred vision at close distances
c) Blurred vision at far distances
d) Blurred vision in certain orientations
Answer: d) Blurred vision in certain orientations
The human eye functions as a:
a) Converging lens
b) Diverging lens
c) Convex mirror
d) Concave mirror
Answer: a) Converging lens
The cornea is responsible for:
a) Refracting light into the eye
b) Accommodating the lens for focusing
c) Controlling the amount of light entering the eye
d) Sensing colors and details
Answer: a) Refracting light into the eye
The iris is the part of the eye that:
a) Refracts light into the eye
b) Accommodates the lens for focusing
c) Controls the amount of light entering the eye
d) Senses colors and details
Answer: c) Controls the amount of light entering the eye
The lens of the eye is responsible for:
a) Refracting light into the eye
b) Accommodating the lens for focusing
c) Controlling the amount of light entering the eye
d) Sensing colors and details
Answer: b) Accommodating the lens for focusing
The retina is the part of the eye that:
a) Refracts light into the eye
b) Accommodates the lens for focusing
c) Controls the amount of light entering the eye
d) Senses colors and details
Answer: d) Senses colors and details
The near point of the eye is the closest distance at which:
a) Objects can be seen clearly without accommodation
b) Objects can be seen clearly with accommodation
c) Objects appear double
d) Objects appear blurry
Answer: b) Objects can be seen clearly with accommodation
The far point of the eye is the farthest distance at which:
a) Objects can be seen clearly without accommodation
b) Objects can be seen clearly with accommodation
c) Objects appear double
d) Objects appear blurry
Answer: a) Objects can be seen clearly without accommodation
The process of adjusting the focal length of the lens in the eye to focus on objects at different distances is called:
a) Accommodation
b) Diffraction
c) Dispersion
d) Polarization
Answer: a) Accommodation
Nearsightedness, or myopia, is a condition in which:
a) Distant objects appear blurry
b) Close objects appear blurry
c) Objects appear double
d) Objects appear distorted
Answer: a) Distant objects appear blurry
Farsightedness, or hyperopia, is a condition in which:
a) Distant objects appear blurry
b) Close objects appear blurry
c) Objects appear double
d) Objects appear distorted
Answer: b) Close objects appear blurry
Astigmatism is a condition in which:
a) Distant objects appear blurry
b) Close objects appear blurry
c) Objects appear double
d) Objects appear distorted
Answer: d) Objects appear distorted
The eye defect in which the lens loses its elasticity and cannot accommodate for near vision is called:
a) Presbyopia
b) Cataract
c) Glaucoma
d) Macular degeneration
Answer: a) Presbyopia
The eye defect in which the lens becomes cloudy, causing blurred vision, is called:
a) Presbyopia
b) Cataract
c) Glaucoma
d) Macular degeneration
Answer: b) Cataract
The eye defect characterized by increased pressure within the eye, leading to damage of the optic nerve, is called:
a) Presbyopia
b) Cataract
c) Glaucoma
d) Macular degeneration
Answer: c) Glaucoma
The eye defect characterized by deterioration of the central part of the retina, leading to loss of central vision, is called:
a) Presbyopia
b) Cataract
c) Glaucoma
d) Macular degeneration
Answer: d) Macular degeneration
The process of focusing on objects at different distances by changing the shape of the lens in the eye is called:
a) Accommodation
b) Refraction
c) Diffraction
d) Dispersion
Answer: a) Accommodation
The part of the eye that gives us color vision is the:
a) Cornea
b) Iris
c) Lens
d) Retina
Answer: d) Retina
The part of the eye that contains the highest density of photoreceptor cells is the:
a) Cornea
b) Iris
c) Lens
d) Fovea
Answer: d) Fovea
The process by which the eye adjusts to different light intensities is called:
a) Accommodation
b) Reflex response
c) Pupillary dilation
d) Photoreceptor activation
Answer: c) Pupillary dilation
The structure that controls the size of the pupil and the amount of light entering the eye is the:
a) Cornea
b) Iris
c) Lens
d) Retina
Answer: b) Iris
The area of the eye that contains no photoreceptor cells and is responsible for the blind spot is the:
a) Cornea
b) Iris
c) Lens
d) Optic disc
Answer: d) Optic disc
The process by which the brain combines the slightly different images from each eye to create a three-dimensional perception is called:
a) Accommodation
b) Binocular vision
c) Monocular vision
d) Stereopsis
Answer: d) Stereopsis
The depth cue that relies on the difference in the retinal image between the two eyes is called:
a) Accommodation
b) Binocular disparity
c) Motion parallax
d) Linear perspective
Answer: b) Binocular disparity
The depth cue that relies on the perception of objects moving faster when they are closer is called:
a) Accommodation
b) Binocular disparity
c) Motion parallax
d) Linear perspective
Answer: c) Motion parallax
The depth cue that relies on the perception of parallel lines converging as they recede into the distance is called:
a) Accommodation
b) Binocular disparity
c) Motion parallax
d) Linear perspective
Answer: d) Linear perspective
The phenomenon in which a light ray passing through a medium with a non-uniform refractive index is bent is called:
a) Reflection
b) Refraction
c) Diffraction
d) Scattering
Answer: b) Refraction
The process by which light waves are redirected and scattered in all directions as they encounter obstacles or irregularities is called:
a) Reflection
b) Refraction
c) Diffraction
d) Scattering
Answer: d) Scattering
The phenomenon in which light waves bounce off a surface without penetrating or being absorbed is called:
a) Reflection
b) Refraction
c) Diffraction
d) Scattering
Answer: a) Reflection
