Which stage of stellar evolution occurs after the protos tar stage?
a) Main sequence
b) Red giant
c) White dwarf
d) Supernova
Answer: a) Main sequence
What is the primary source of energy for a main sequence star?
a) Nuclear fusion
b) Nuclear fission
c) Chemical reactions
d) Gravitational contraction
Answer: a) Nuclear fusion
Which process occurs in the core of a main sequence star?
a) Hydrogen fusion
b) Helium fusion
c) Carbon fusion
d) Iron fusion
Answer: a) Hydrogen fusion
What is the ultimate fate of a low-mass star?
a) White dwarf
b) Neutron star
c) Black hole
d) Supernova
Answer: a) White dwarf
What is the ultimate fate of a high-mass star?
a) Neutron star
b) Black hole
c) White dwarf
d) Planetary nebula
Answer: b) Black hole
What is the process by which a star exhausts its nuclear fuel and expands in size?
a) Red giant phase
b) Main sequence phase
c) Supernova phase
d) Protostar phase
Answer: a) Red giant phase
What is the final stage of stellar evolution for a star with a mass similar to the Sun?
a) White dwarf
b) Neutron star
c) Black hole
d) Planetary nebula
Answer: a) White dwarf
What is the remnant left behind after a massive star undergoes a supernova explosion?
a) Neutron star
b) Black hole
c) White dwarf
d) Planetary nebula
Answer: a) Neutron star
What is the process by which a star with high mass collapses under its own gravity to form a black hole?
a) Gravitational collapse
b) Supernova explosion
c) Neutron star formation
d) Planetary nebula formation
Answer: a) Gravitational collapse
What is the main factor that determines the ultimate fate of a star?
a) Mass
b) Temperature
c) Luminosity
d) Distance from Earth
Answer: a) Mass
Which stage of stellar evolution occurs after the red giant phase?
a) Planetary nebula
b) White dwarf
c) Neutron star
d) Black hole
Answer: a) Planetary nebula
What is the process by which a white dwarf cools and fades away over billions of years?
a) Stellar death
b) Stellar collapse
c) Stellar explosion
d) Stellar remnants
Answer: a) Stellar death
What is the mass range for a star to undergo a supernova explosion?
a) 1-8 solar masses
b) 8-20 solar masses
c) 20-40 solar masses
d) Above 40 solar masses
Answer: b) 8-20 solar masses
What is the process by which a neutron star is formed during a supernova explosion?
a) Gravitational collapse
b) Nuclear fusion
c) Neutron capture
d) Electron capture
Answer: a) Gravitational collapse
What is the event horizon of a black hole?
a) The point of no return beyond which nothing can escape
b) The region where nuclear fusion occurs
c) The boundary between the core and the envelope of a star
d) The surface of a neutron star
Answer: a) The point of no return beyond which nothing can escape
What is the process by which a star ejects its outer layers and forms an expanding shell of gas and dust?
a) Stellar wind
b) Planetary nebula formation
c) Supernova explosion
d) Neutron star formation
Answer: b) Planetary nebula formation
What is the process by which elements heavier than iron are formed in the core of a massive star?
a) Nuclear fusion
b) Neutron capture
c) Electron capture
d) Alpha decay
Answer: b) Neutron capture
What is the main sequence phase of stellar evolution characterized by?
a) Stable fusion of hydrogen into helium in the core
b) Rapid contraction and heating of the protostar
c) Expansion and cooling of the star’s outer layers
d) Gravitational collapse and supernova explosion
Answer: a) Stable fusion of hydrogen into helium in the core
What is the process by which a star with mass less than 8 times the mass of the Sun evolves into a white dwarf?
a) Nuclear fusion
b) Gravitational collapse
c) Stellar wind
d) Electron capture
Answer: b) Gravitational collapse
What is the Chandrasekhar limit?
a) The maximum mass a white dwarf can have before collapsing
b) The minimum mass required for a star to undergo a supernova explosion
c) The threshold temperature for nuclear fusion in a star
d) The maximum luminosity a star can reach during its evolution
Answer: a) The maximum mass a white dwarf can have before collapsing
What is the primary source of energy for a red giant star?
a) Helium fusion
b) Carbon fusion
c) Nuclear fission
d) Gravitational contraction
Answer: a) Helium fusion
What is the process by which a red giant sheds its outer layers and forms a planetary nebula?
a) Stellar wind
b) Nuclear fusion
c) Gravitational collapse
d) Neutron capture
Answer: a) Stellar wind
What is the remnant left behind after a low-mass star sheds its outer layers?
a) White dwarf
b) Neutron star
c) Black hole
d) Planetary nebula
Answer: a) White dwarf
Which stage of stellar evolution occurs after the planetary nebula phase?
a) White dwarf
b) Neutron star
c) Black hole
d) Red giant
Answer: a) White dwarf
What is the process by which a white dwarf reaches a critical mass and undergoes a runaway nuclear fusion reaction?
a) Nova
b) Supernova
c) Planetary nebula formation
d) Neutron star formation
Answer: a) Nova
What is the main factor that determines the time it takes for a star to evolve through its various stages?
a) Mass
b) Temperature
c) Luminosity
d) Size
Answer: a) Mass
What is the process by which a white dwarf accretes mass from a companion star and undergoes a supernova explosion?
a) Type Ia supernova
b) Type II supernova
c) Neutron star formation
d) Planetary nebula formation
Answer: a) Type Ia supernova
What is the event horizon of a black hole?
a) The point of no return beyond which nothing can escape
b) The surface of a neutron star
c) The boundary between the core and the envelope of a star
d) The region where nuclear fusion occurs
Answer: a) The point of no return beyond which nothing can escape
What is the process by which a neutron star emits beams of radiation that can be detected as pulsations?
a) Pulsar formation
b) Neutron capture
c) Gravitational collapse
d) Nuclear fusion
Answer: a) Pulsar formation
What is the process by which a neutron star collapses under its own gravity to form a black hole?
a) Gravitational collapse
b) Supernova explosion
c) Neutron capture
d) Electron capture
Answer: a) Gravitational collapse
What is the remnant left behind after a massive star undergoes a supernova explosion?
a) Neutron star
b) Black hole
c) White dwarf
d) Planetary nebula
Answer: a) Neutron star
What is the process by which a star ejects its outer layers and forms an expanding shell of gas and dust?
a) Stellar wind
b) Planetary nebula formation
c) Supernova explosion
d) Neutron star formation
Answer: b) Planetary nebula formation
What is the process by which elements heavier than iron are formed in the core of a massive star?
a) Nuclear fusion
b) Neutron capture
c) Electron capture
d) Alpha decay
Answer: b) Neutron capture
What is the main sequence phase of stellar evolution characterized by?
a) Stable fusion of hydrogen into helium in the core
b) Rapid contraction and heating of the protostar
c) Expansion and cooling of the star’s outer layers
d) Gravitational collapse and supernova explosion
Answer: a) Stable fusion of hydrogen into helium in the core
What is the process by which a star with mass less than 8 times the mass of the Sun evolves into a white dwarf?
a) Nuclear fusion
b) Gravitational collapse
c) Stellar wind
d) Electron capture
Answer: b) Gravitational collapse
What is the Chandrasekhar limit?
a) The maximum mass a white dwarf can have before collapsing
b) The minimum mass required for a star to undergo a supernova explosion
c) The threshold temperature for nuclear fusion in a star
d) The maximum luminosity a star can reach during its evolution
Answer: a) The maximum mass a white dwarf can have before collapsing
What is the primary source of energy for a red giant star?
a) Helium fusion
b) Carbon fusion
c) Nuclear fission
d) Gravitational contraction
Answer: a) Helium fusion
What is the process by which a red giant sheds its outer layers and forms a planetary nebula?
a) Stellar wind
b) Nuclear fusion
c) Gravitational collapse
d) Neutron capture
Answer: a) Stellar wind
What is the remnant left behind after a low-mass star sheds its outer layers?
a) White dwarf
b) Neutron star
c) Black hole
d) Planetary nebula
Answer: a) White dwarf
Which stage of stellar evolution occurs after the planetary nebula phase?
a) White dwarf
b) Neutron star
c) Black hole
d) Red giant
Answer: a) White dwarf
What is the process by which a white dwarf reaches a critical mass and undergoes a runaway nuclear fusion reaction?
a) Nova
b) Supernova
c) Planetary nebula formation
d) Neutron star formation
Answer: a) Nova
What is the main factor that determines the time it takes for a star to evolve through its various stages?
a) Mass
b) Temperature
c) Luminosity
d) Size
Answer: a) Mass
What is the process by which a white dwarf accretes mass from a companion star and undergoes a supernova explosion?
a) Type Ia supernova
b) Type II supernova
c) Neutron star formation
d) Planetary nebula formation
Answer: a) Type Ia supernova
What is the event horizon of a black hole?
a) The point of no return beyond which nothing can escape
b) The surface of a neutron star
c) The boundary between the core and the envelope of a star
d) The region where nuclear fusion occurs
Answer: a) The point of no return beyond which nothing can escape
What is the process by which a neutron star emits beams of radiation that can be detected as pulsations?
a) Pulsar formation
b) Neutron capture
c) Gravitational collapse
d) Nuclear fusion
Answer: a) Pulsar formation
What is the process by which a neutron star collapses under its own gravity to form a black hole?
a) Gravitational collapse
b) Supernova explosion
c) Neutron capture
d) Electron capture
Answer: a) Gravitational collapse
What is the remnant left behind after a massive star undergoes a supernova explosion?
a) Neutron star
b) Black hole
c) White dwarf
d) Planetary nebula
Answer: a) Neutron star
What is the process by which a star ejects its outer layers and forms an expanding shell of gas and dust?
a) Stellar wind
b) Planetary nebula formation
c) Supernova explosion
d) Neutron star formation
Answer: b) Planetary nebula formation
What is the process by which elements heavier than iron are formed in the core of a massive star?
a) Nuclear fusion
b) Neutron capture
c) Electron capture
d) Alpha decay
Answer: b) Neutron capture
What is the main sequence phase of stellar evolution characterized by?
a) Stable fusion of hydrogen into helium in the core
b) Rapid contraction and heating of the protostar
c) Expansion and cooling of the star’s outer layers
d) Gravitational collapse and supernova explosion
Answer: a) Stable fusion of hydrogen into helium in the core
What is the process by which a star with mass less than 8 times the mass of the Sun evolves into a white dwarf?
a) Nuclear fusion
b) Gravitational collapse
c) Stellar wind
d) Electron capture
Answer: b) Gravitational collapse
What is the Chandrasekhar limit?
a) The maximum mass a white dwarf can have before collapsing
b) The minimum mass required for a star to undergo a supernova explosion
c) The threshold temperature for nuclear fusion in a star
d) The maximum luminosity a star can reach during its evolution
Answer: a) The maximum mass a white dwarf can have before collapsing
What is the primary source of energy for a red giant star?
a) Helium fusion
b) Carbon fusion
c) Nuclear fission
d) Gravitational contraction
Answer: a) Helium fusion
What is the process by which a red giant sheds its outer layers and forms a planetary nebula?
a) Stellar wind
b) Nuclear fusion
c) Gravitational collapse
d) Neutron capture
Answer: a) Stellar wind
What is the remnant left behind after a low-mass star sheds its outer layers?
a) White dwarf
b) Neutron star
c) Black hole
d) Planetary nebula
Answer: a) White dwarf
Which stage of stellar evolution occurs after the planetary nebula phase?
a) White dwarf
b) Neutron star
c) Black hole
d) Red giant
Answer: a) White dwarf
What is the process by which a white dwarf reaches a critical mass and undergoes a runaway nuclear fusion reaction?
a) Nova
b) Supernova
c) Planetary nebula formation
d) Neutron star formation
Answer: a) Nova
What is the main factor that determines the time it takes for a star to evolve through its various stages?
a) Mass
b) Temperature
c) Luminosity
d) Size
Answer: a) Mass
What is the process by which a white dwarf accretes mass from a companion star and undergoes a supernova explosion?
a) Type Ia supernova
b) Type II supernova
c) Neutron star formation
d) Planetary nebula formation
Answer: a) Type Ia supernova
What is the event horizon of a black hole?
a) The point of no return beyond which nothing can escape
b) The surface of a neutron star
c) The boundary between the core and the envelope of a star
d) The region where nuclear fusion occurs
Answer: a) The point of no return beyond which nothing can escape
