MRI stands for:
a) Magnetic Radiation Imaging
b) Magnetic Resonance Imaging
c) Magnetic Reflection Imaging
d) Magnetic Refraction Imaging
Answer: Answer: b) Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Which property of atomic nuclei is exploited in MRI?
a) Mass
b) Charge
c) Spin
d) Momentum
Answer: Answer: c) Spin
The strong magnetic field used in MRI is produced by:
a) Superconducting magnets
b) Permanent magnets
c) Electromagnets
d) Ferromagnets
Answer: Answer: a) Superconducting magnets
Which component of an MRI system is responsible for generating radiofrequency pulses?
a) Gradient coils
b) RF coils
c) Magnet
d) Console
Answer: Answer: b) RF coils
In MRI, the relaxation time that determines the recovery of longitudinal magnetization is called:
a) T1 relaxation time
b) T2 relaxation time
c) T3 relaxation time
d) T4 relaxation time
Answer: Answer: a) T1 relaxation time
In MRI, the relaxation time that determines the decay of transverse magnetization is called:
a) T1 relaxation time
b) T2 relaxation time
c) T3 relaxation time
d) T4 relaxation time
Answer: Answer: b) T2 relaxation time
What property of tissues determines their contrast in MRI images?
a) Density
b) Elasticity
c) Proton concentration
d) Refractive index
Answer: Answer: c) Proton concentration
What is the unit of measurement for the magnetic field strength in MRI?
a) Tesla (T)
b) Gauss (G)
c) Weber (Wb)
d) Ampere (A)
Answer: Answer: a) Tesla (T)
Which imaging sequence is commonly used in MRI to visualize anatomical structures?
a) T1-weighted imaging
b) T2-weighted imaging
c) Diffusion-weighted imaging
d) Gradient echo imaging
Answer: Answer: a) T1-weighted imaging
Which imaging sequence is commonly used in MRI to visualize pathological changes and edema?
a) T1-weighted imaging
b) T2-weighted imaging
c) Diffusion-weighted imaging
d) Gradient echo imaging
Answer: Answer: b) T2-weighted imaging
What is the process of generating an MRI image by manipulating the magnetization of protons called?
a) Excitation
b) Acquisition
c) Reconstruction
d) Relaxation
Answer: Answer: b) Acquisition
What parameter determines the spatial resolution of an MRI image?
a) Field of view (FOV)
b) Matrix size
c) Slice thickness
d) Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
Answer: Answer: b) Matrix size
Which sequence in MRI is sensitive to the movement of water molecules?
a) T1-weighted imaging
b) T2-weighted imaging
c) Diffusion-weighted imaging
d) Gradient echo imaging
Answer: Answer: c) Diffusion-weighted imaging
What type of contrast agent is used to enhance MRI images?
a) Gadolinium-based contrast agent
b) Iodine-based contrast agent
c) Barium-based contrast agent
d) Iron-based contrast agent
Answer: Answer: a) Gadolinium-based contrast agent
What is the phenomenon where a region of tissue appears bright in T2-weighted images due to increased water content?
a) T1 hyperintensity
b) T2 hyperintensity
c) T1 hypointensity
d) T2 hypointensity
Answer: Answer: b) T2 hyperintensity
What is the phenomenon where a region of tissue appears dark in T2-weighted images due to reduced water content?
a) T1 hyperintensity
b) T2 hyperintensity
c) T1 hypointensity
d) T2 hypointensity
Answer: Answer: c) T1 hypointensity
What is the process of applying magnetic field gradients to spatially encode the MR signal called?
a) Slice selection
b) Phase encoding
c) Frequency encoding
d) Signal detection
Answer: Answer: b) Phase encoding
What is the process of generating an MR image from raw data by assigning brightness values to each pixel called?
a) Excitation
b) Acquisition
c) Reconstruction
d) Relaxation
Answer: Answer: c) Reconstruction
Which technique is used in MRI to suppress the signal from surrounding tissues and enhance the visualization of blood vessels?
a) Fat suppression
b) Water suppression
c) Inversion recovery
d) Chemical shift imaging
Answer: Answer: a) Fat suppression
Which imaging sequence is used in functional MRI (fMRI) to map brain activity?
a) T1-weighted imaging
b) T2-weighted imaging
c) Diffusion-weighted imaging
d) Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) imaging
Answer: Answer: d) Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) imaging
What is the phenomenon where the MR signal is enhanced by the injection of a paramagnetic substance called?
a) T1 relaxation enhancement
b) T2 relaxation enhancement
c) T3 relaxation enhancement
d) T4 relaxation enhancement
Answer: Answer: a) T1 relaxation enhancement
What is the term used to describe the time it takes for the longitudinal magnetization to recover to 63% of its maximum value?
a) T1 relaxation time
b) T2 relaxation time
c) T3 relaxation time
d) T4 relaxation time
Answer: Answer: a) T1 relaxation time
What is the term used to describe the time it takes for the transverse magnetization to decay to 37% of its maximum value?
a) T1 relaxation time
b) T2 relaxation time
c) T3 relaxation time
d) T4 relaxation time
Answer: Answer: b) T2 relaxation time
Which sequence in MRI is sensitive to the presence of magnetic susceptibility variations?
a) T1-weighted imaging
b) T2-weighted imaging
c) Gradient echo imaging
d) Inversion recovery imaging
Answer: Answer: c) Gradient echo imaging
What is the term used to describe the loss of phase coherence of the MR signal due to magnetic field inhomogeneities?
a) Aliasing
b) Artifacts
c) Displacement
d) Dephasing
Answer: Answer: d) Dephasing
Which technique in MRI is used to measure the flow of blood or other fluids in the body?
a) Perfusion imaging
b) Diffusion-weighted imaging
c) Velocity-encoded imaging
d) Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging
Answer: Answer: c) Velocity-encoded imaging
What is the term used to describe the imaging plane in MRI that is perpendicular to the main magnetic field?
a) Sagittal plane
b) Coronal plane
c) Axial plane
d) Oblique plane
Answer: Answer: c) Axial plane
Which imaging technique in MRI is used to measure the diffusion of water molecules in biological tissues?
a) Perfusion imaging
b) Diffusion-weighted imaging
c) Velocity-encoded imaging
d) Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging
Answer: Answer: b) Diffusion-weighted imaging
Which technique in MRI is used to measure the blood flow and volume in tissue?
a) Perfusion imaging
b) Diffusion-weighted imaging
c) Velocity-encoded imaging
d) Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging
Answer: Answer: a) Perfusion imaging
Which technique in MRI is used to measure the transfer of magnetization between protons in different molecules?
a) Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging
b) Diffusion-weighted imaging
c) Velocity-encoded imaging
d) Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging
Answer: Answer: a) Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging
What is the term used to describe the unwanted signals in MRI that result from factors such as motion, magnetic field inhomogeneities, and hardware imperfections?
a) Aliasing
b) Artifacts
c) Displacement
d) Dephasing
Answer: Answer: b) Artifacts
Which parameter in MRI determines the brightness or intensity of the image?
a) T1 relaxation time
b) T2 relaxation time
c) Signal intensity
d) Field of view (FOV)
Answer: Answer: c) Signal intensity
What is the term used to describe the process of filling the k-space in MRI data acquisition?
a) Fourier transformation
b) Data encoding
c) Signal detection
d) Slice selection
Answer: Answer: b) Data encoding
Which technique in MRI is used to measure the change in blood oxygenation level associated with brain activity?
a) Perfusion imaging
b) Diffusion-weighted imaging
c) Functional MRI (fMRI)
d) Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging
Answer: Answer: c) Functional MRI (fMRI)
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where different tissues have different relaxation times and produce contrasting signals in an MRI image?
a) Tissue discrimination
b) Contrast enhancement
c) Signal amplification
d) Relaxation contrast
Answer: Answer: b) Contrast enhancement
What is the term used to describe the artifact in MRI images that appears as a ghosting or blurring of the image due to motion during the scan?
a) Aliasing artifact
b) Motion artifact
c) Chemical shift artifact
d) Flow artifact
Answer: Answer: b) Motion artifact
What is the term used to describe the artifact in MRI images that appears as a wrap-around of signal due to undersampling of k-space?
a) Aliasing artifact
b) Motion artifact
c) Chemical shift artifact
d) Flow artifact
Answer: Answer: a) Aliasing artifact
Which sequence in MRI is sensitive to the flow of blood and other fluids?
a) T1-weighted imaging
b) T2-weighted imaging
c) Gradient echo imaging
d) Time-of-flight (TOF) imaging
Answer: Answer: d) Time-of-flight (TOF) imaging
What is the term used to describe the MRI technique that acquires images with different T1 or T2 weighting to enhance specific tissue properties?
a) Multi-echo imaging
b) Inversion recovery imaging
c) Steady-state free precession (SSFP) imaging
d) Magnetization-prepared imaging
Answer: Answer: d) Magnetization-prepared imaging
Which technique in MRI is used to evaluate the perfusion and vascular anatomy of the brain?
a) Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
b) Diffusion-weighted imaging
c) Velocity-encoded imaging
d) Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging
Answer: Answer: a) Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
What is the term used to describe the imaging plane in MRI that is parallel to the sagittal suture of the skull?
a) Sagittal plane
b) Coronal plane
c) Axial plane
d) Oblique plane
Answer: Answer: b) Coronal plane
Which sequence in MRI is commonly used to visualize the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow?
a) T1-weighted imaging
b) T2-weighted imaging
c) Gradient echo imaging
d) Cine imaging
Answer: Answer: d) Cine imaging
Which technique in MRI is used to measure the perfusion of blood in the brain?
a) Perfusion imaging
b) Diffusion-weighted imaging
c) Velocity-encoded imaging
d) Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging
Answer: Answer: a) Perfusion imaging
What is the term used to describe the MRI technique that uses multiple echoes to acquire different T2-weighted images?
a) Multi-echo imaging
b) Inversion recovery imaging
c) Steady-state free precession (SSFP) imaging
d) Magnetization-prepared imaging
Answer: Answer: a) Multi-echo imaging
Which imaging sequence in MRI is based on the steady-state precession of magnetization?
a) T1-weighted imaging
b) T2-weighted imaging
c) Gradient echo imaging
d) Inversion recovery imaging
Answer: Answer: c) Gradient echo imaging
What is the term used to describe the unwanted signal in MRI images that occurs due to the difference in precession frequencies between fat and water protons?
a) Aliasing artifact
b) Chemical shift artifact
c) Flow artifact
d) Motion artifact
Answer: Answer: b) Chemical shift artifact
Which imaging sequence in MRI is based on the recovery of longitudinal magnetization after an inversion pulse?
a) T1-weighted imaging
b) T2-weighted imaging
c) Gradient echo imaging
d) Inversion recovery imaging
Answer: Answer: d) Inversion recovery imaging
What is the term used to describe the MRI technique that acquires images in real-time or near real-time?
a) Dynamic imaging
b) Cine imaging
c) Functional MRI (fMRI)
d) Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
Answer: Answer: a) Dynamic imaging
Which imaging technique in MRI is used to visualize the connectivity and integrity of white matter tracts in the brain?
a) Perfusion imaging
b) Diffusion-weighted imaging
c) Velocity-encoded imaging
d) Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
Answer: Answer: d) Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
What is the term used to describe the MRI technique that uses a combination of gradient and RF pulses to generate steady-state magnetization?
a) Multi-echo imaging
b) Inversion recovery imaging
c) Steady-state free precession (SSFP) imaging
d) Magnetization-prepared imaging
Answer: Answer: c) Steady-state free precession (SSFP) imaging
Which imaging sequence in MRI is commonly used to visualize the bile ducts and pancreatic duct?
a) T1-weighted imaging
b) T2-weighted imaging
c) Gradient echo imaging
d) Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
Answer: Answer: d) Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
What is the term used to describe the MRI technique that acquires images at multiple echo times to generate T2 relaxation maps?
a) Multi-echo imaging
b) Inversion recovery imaging
c) Steady-state free precession (SSFP) imaging
d) Magnetization-prepared imaging
Answer: Answer: a) Multi-echo imaging
Which imaging technique in MRI is used to evaluate the perfusion of tumors and surrounding tissues?
a) Perfusion imaging
b) Diffusion-weighted imaging
c) Velocity-encoded imaging
d) Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging
Answer: Answer: d) Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging
What is the term used to describe the MRI technique that measures the diffusion of water in multiple directions to assess tissue microstructure?
a) Perfusion imaging
b) Diffusion-weighted imaging
c) Velocity-encoded imaging
d) Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
Answer: Answer: d) Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
Which imaging technique in MRI is used to assess the function and viability of the myocardium?
a) Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR)
b) Diffusion-weighted imaging
c) Velocity-encoded imaging
d) Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging
Answer: Answer: a) Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR)
What is the term used to describe the MRI technique that acquires images with high temporal resolution for cardiac imaging?
a) Cine imaging
b) Dynamic imaging
c) Functional MRI (fMRI)
d) Time-resolved angiography
Answer: Answer: a) Cine imaging
Which imaging sequence in MRI is commonly used to visualize the joints and musculoskeletal system?
a) T1-weighted imaging
b) T2-weighted imaging
c) Gradient echo imaging
d) Magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA)
Answer: Answer: d) Magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA)
What is the term used to describe the MRI technique that acquires images with high spatial resolution and rapid imaging time?
a) Fast imaging
b) Dynamic imaging
c) Functional MRI (fMRI)
d) Steady-state imaging
Answer: Answer: a) Fast imaging
Which technique in MRI is used to measure the blood flow velocity in vessels?
a) Perfusion imaging
b) Velocity-encoded imaging
c) Diffusion-weighted imaging
d) Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging
Answer: Answer: b) Velocity-encoded imaging
What is the term used to describe the MRI technique that acquires images with high spatial resolution and suppresses signals from surrounding tissues?
a) Fat suppression
b) Water suppression
c) Inversion recovery
d) Chemical shift imaging
Answer: Answer: a) Fat suppression
Which imaging sequence in MRI is commonly used to visualize the liver, spleen, and other abdominal organs?
a) T1-weighted imaging
b) T2-weighted imaging
c) Gradient echo imaging
d) Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
Answer: Answer: b) T2-weighted imaging
What is the term used to describe the MRI technique that acquires images with high temporal resolution for dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging?
a) Cine imaging
b) Dynamic imaging
c) Functional MRI (fMRI)
d) Time-resolved imaging
Answer: Answer: d) Time-resolved imaging
Which imaging technique in MRI is used to evaluate the blood flow and perfusion of the heart?
a) Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR)
b) Diffusion-weighted imaging
c) Velocity-encoded imaging
d) Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging
Answer: Answer: a) Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR)
What is the term used to describe the MRI technique that acquires images with high spatial resolution and evaluates the blood vessels?
a) Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
b) Diffusion-weighted imaging
c) Velocity-encoded imaging
d) Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging
Answer: Answer: a) Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
Which imaging sequence in MRI is commonly used to visualize the spinal cord and spinal canal?
a) T1-weighted imaging
b) T2-weighted imaging
c) Gradient echo imaging
d) Magnetic resonance myelography
Answer: Answer: d) Magnetic resonance myelography
What is the term used to describe the MRI technique that acquires images with high spatial resolution and evaluates the peripheral vasculature?
a) Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
b) Diffusion-weighted imaging
c) Velocity-encoded imaging
d) Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging
Answer: Answer: a) Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
Which imaging technique in MRI is used to evaluate the blood flow and perfusion of tumors?
a) Perfusion imaging
b) Diffusion-weighted imaging
c) Velocity-encoded imaging
d) Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging
Answer: Answer: a) Perfusion imaging
What is the term used to describe the MRI technique that acquires images with high spatial resolution and evaluates the gallbladder and biliary system?
a) Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
b) Diffusion-weighted imaging
c) Velocity-encoded imaging
d) Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging
Answer: Answer: a) Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
Which imaging sequence in MRI is commonly used to visualize the prostate gland?
a) T1-weighted imaging
b) T2-weighted imaging
c) Gradient echo imaging
d) Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)
Answer: Answer: b) T2-weighted imaging
What is the term used to describe the MRI technique that acquires images with high spectral resolution to measure metabolite concentrations?
a) Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
b) Diffusion-weighted imaging
c) Velocity-encoded imaging
d) Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)
Answer: Answer: d) Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)
