What is the theory that describes the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic levels?
a) Quantum mechanics
b) General relativity
c) Newtonian mechanics
d) Special relativity
Answer: a) Quantum mechanics
Which phenomenon is responsible for the emission of light by excited atoms?
a) Electromagnetic induction
b) Photovoltaic effect
c) Blackbody radiation
d) Atomic emission
Answer: d) Atomic emission
What is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties?
a) Atom
b) Molecule
c) Proton
d) Electron
Answer: a) Atom
Who proposed the theory of relativity?
a) Albert Einstein
b) Isaac Newton
c) Max Planck
d) Niels Bohr
Answer: a) Albert Einstein
Which particle has a positive charge and is located in the nucleus of an atom?
a) Proton
b) Neutron
c) Electron
d) Positron
Answer: a) Proton
What is the process by which a heavy nucleus splits into two or more lighter nuclei?
a) Nuclear fusion
b) Nuclear fission
c) Radioactive decay
d) Electron capture
Answer: b) Nuclear fission
What is the name of the fundamental particle that carries the electromagnetic force?
a) Photon
b) Neutrino
c) Graviton
d) Gluon
Answer: a) Photon
Which type of radiation has the highest energy and can penetrate matter easily?
a) Gamma rays
b) X-rays
c) Ultraviolet rays
d) Infrared rays
Answer: a) Gamma rays
What is the phenomenon where light waves bend as they pass through a medium?
a) Reflection
b) Refraction
c) Diffraction
d) Interference
Answer: b) Refraction
Which scientist proposed the wave-particle duality of light?
a) Albert Einstein
b) Max Planck
c) Thomas Young
d) Louis de Broglie
Answer: c) Thomas Young
What is the name of the particle associated with the Higgs field?
a) Higgs boson
b) W boson
c) Z boson
d) Gluon
Answer: a) Higgs boson
Which principle states that it is impossible to simultaneously know the exact position and momentum of a particle?
a) Heisenberg uncertainty principle
b) Pauli exclusion principle
c) Schrödinger equation
d) Planck’s principle
Answer: a) Heisenberg uncertainty principle
What is the phenomenon where an electron jumps to a lower energy level and emits a photon?
a) Absorption
b) Emission
c) Scattering
d) Excitation
Answer: b) Emission
What is the speed of light in a vacuum?
a) 3 x 10^5 m/s
b) 3 x 10^6 m/s
c) 3 x 10^7 m/s
d) 3 x 10^8 m/s
Answer: d) 3 x 10^8 m/s
What is the concept that states that energy is quantized and comes in discrete packets?
a) Photon theory
b) Wave-particle duality
c) Quantum theory
d) Relativity theory
Answer: c) Quantum theory
Which type of radioactive decay emits an alpha particle?
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Electron capture
Answer: a) Alpha decay
What is the fundamental force that holds the nucleus of an atom together?
a) Strong nuclear force
b) Weak nuclear force
c) Electromagnetic force
d) Gravitational force
Answer: a) Strong nuclear force
What is the process by which an atom gains or loses electrons and becomes charged?
a) Ionization
b) Excitation
c) Polarization
d) Conduction
Answer: a) Ionization
What is the energy equivalent of mass, as described by Einstein’s equation E=mc^2?
a) Photon
b) Neutrino
c) Electron
d) Light wave
Answer: a) Photon
Which type of radiation has the lowest energy and is emitted by the human body as heat?
a) Gamma rays
b) X-rays
c) Ultraviolet rays
d) Infrared rays
Answer: d) Infrared rays
What is the phenomenon where an electron occupies two or more energy levels simultaneously?
a) Superposition
b) Entanglement
c) Tunneling
d) Excitation
Answer: a) Superposition
Which particle has no charge and is located in the nucleus of an atom?
a) Proton
b) Neutron
c) Electron
d) Positron
Answer: b) Neutron
What is the term for the bending of light around an obstacle or through a narrow slit?
a) Reflection
b) Refraction
c) Diffraction
d) Interference
Answer: c) Diffraction
Which phenomenon is responsible for the black color of an object?
a) Reflection
b) Refraction
c) Absorption
d) Scattering
Answer: c) Absorption
What is the theory that describes the behavior of particles traveling near the speed of light?
a) Quantum mechanics
b) General relativity
c) Special relativity
d) Newtonian mechanics
Answer: c) Special relativity
What is the term for the change in frequency of light waves due to the relative motion of the source and observer?
a) Reflection
b) Refraction
c) Doppler effect
d) Interference
Answer: c) Doppler effect
Which phenomenon is responsible for the emission of light by hot objects?
a) Electromagnetic induction
b) Photovoltaic effect
c) Blackbody radiation
d) Atomic emission
Answer: c) Blackbody radiation
What is the term for the simultaneous and inseparable relationship between particles?
a) Superposition
b) Entanglement
c) Tunneling
d) Excitation
Answer: b) Entanglement
Which type of radiation has the ability to ionize atoms and molecules?
a) Gamma rays
b) X-rays
c) Ultraviolet rays
d) Infrared rays
Answer: b) X-rays
What is the principle that states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers?
a) Heisenberg uncertainty principle
b) Pauli exclusion principle
c) Schrödinger equation
d) Planck’s principle
Answer: b) Pauli exclusion principle
What is the phenomenon where a particle passes through a potential energy barrier even though its energy is lower than the barrier?
a) Reflection
b) Refraction
c) Tunneling
d) Scattering
Answer: c) Tunneling
Which scientist is known for the discovery of the photoelectric effect?
a) Albert Einstein
b) Max Planck
c) Thomas Young
d) Louis de Broglie
Answer: a) Albert Einstein
What is the unit of charge of an electron?
a) Coulomb
b) Ampere
c) Volt
d) Electronvolt
Answer: d) Electronvolt
Which type of radiation is responsible for the ionization of atoms in the Earth’s atmosphere?
a) Gamma rays
b) X-rays
c) Ultraviolet rays
d) Cosmic rays
Answer: d) Cosmic rays
What is the term for the process of combining the nuclei of atoms to form heavier nuclei?
a) Nuclear fusion
b) Nuclear fission
c) Radioactive decay
d) Electron capture
Answer: a) Nuclear fusion
What is the phenomenon where two or more waves combine to form a new wave?
a) Reflection
b) Refraction
c) Diffraction
d) Interference
Answer: d) Interference
Which particle has a negative charge and orbits around the nucleus of an atom?
a) Proton
b) Neutron
c) Electron
d) Positron
Answer: c) Electron
What is the term for the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another?
a) Reflection
b) Refraction
c) Diffraction
d) Interference
Answer: b) Refraction
Which principle states that the entropy of a system approaches a constant value as its temperature approaches absolute zero?
a) Zeroth law of thermodynamics
b) First law of thermodynamics
c) Second law of thermodynamics
d) Third law of thermodynamics
Answer: d) Third law of thermodynamics
What is the concept that particles can exist in multiple states or locations at the same time?
a) Superposition
b) Entanglement
c) Tunneling
d) Excitation
Answer: a) Superposition
Which type of radiation has the ability to cause sunburn and skin damage?
a) Gamma rays
b) X-rays
c) Ultraviolet rays
d) Infrared rays
Answer: c) Ultraviolet rays
What is the term for the study of the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic levels?
a) Classical physics
b) Quantum physics
c) Newtonian physics
d) Relativistic physics
Answer: b) Quantum physics
What is the concept that states that particles of the same type are indistinguishable?
a) Heisenberg uncertainty principle
b) Pauli exclusion principle
c) Schrödinger equation
d) Bose-Einstein statistics
Answer: b) Pauli exclusion principle
Which phenomenon is responsible for the blue color of the sky?
a) Reflection
b) Refraction
c) Absorption
d) Scattering
Answer: d) Scattering
What is the term for the process of combining the nuclei of atoms to form heavier nuclei?
a) Nuclear fusion
b) Nuclear fission
c) Radioactive decay
d) Electron capture
Answer: a) Nuclear fusion
What is the phenomenon where an electron is temporarily boosted to a higher energy level?
a) Absorption
b) Emission
c) Scattering
d) Excitation
Answer: d) Excitation
Which principle states that the laws of physics are the same in all inertial reference frames?
a) Law of conservation of energy
b) Principle of relativity
c) Law of conservation of momentum
d) Principle of superposition
Answer: b) Principle of relativity
What is the term for the process of converting light energy into electrical energy?
a) Photovoltaic effect
b) Electromagnetic induction
c) Photoelectric effect
d) Blackbody radiation
Answer: a) Photovoltaic effect
Which particle has the same mass as an electron but carries a positive charge?
a) Proton
b) Neutron
c) Positron
d) Photon
Answer: c) Positron
What is the theory that describes the force of gravity as the curvature of spacetime?
a) Quantum mechanics
b) General relativity
c) Special relativity
d) Newtonian mechanics
Answer: b) General relativity
What is the term for the emission of electrons from a material when light shines on it?
a) Reflection
b) Refraction
c) Photoelectric effect
d) Scattering
Answer: c) Photoelectric effect
Which type of radiation is responsible for the formation of the ozone layer in the Earth’s atmosphere?
a) Gamma rays
b) X-rays
c) Ultraviolet rays
d) Infrared rays
Answer: c) Ultraviolet rays
What is the unit of energy in the metric system?
a) Joule
b) Watt
c) Volt
d) Newton
Answer: a) Joule
Which phenomenon is responsible for the colors seen in a soap bubble?
a) Reflection
b) Refraction
c) Absorption
d) Interference
Answer: d) Interference
What is the concept that states that particles can tunnel through barriers that would be classically impenetrable?
a) Superposition
b) Entanglement
c) Tunneling
d) Excitation
Answer: c) Tunneling
What is the phenomenon where light waves bounce off a surface?
a) Reflection
b) Refraction
c) Diffraction
d) Interference
Answer: a) Reflection
Which particle has no mass and carries the weak nuclear force?
a) Photon
b) Neutrino
c) Gluon
d) W boson
Answer: b) Neutrino
What is the term for the study of the behavior of matter and energy at extremely low temperatures?
a) Classical physics
b) Quantum physics
c) Newtonian physics
d) Relativistic physics
Answer: b) Quantum physics
Which phenomenon is responsible for the bending of light waves around obstacles or edges?
a) Reflection
b) Refraction
c) Diffraction
d) Interference
Answer: c) Diffraction
What is the term for the transfer of heat energy through direct contact between particles?
a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Radiation
d) Reflection
Answer: a) Conduction
