Which of the following particles has the smallest mass and carries a positive charge?
a) Proton
b) Neutron
c) Electron
d) Alpha particle
Answer: c) Electron
The process in which the nucleus of an atom spontaneously emits radiation is called:
a) Nuclear fusion
b) Nuclear fission
c) Radioactivity
d) Nuclear decay
Answer: c) Radioactivity
The emission of an alpha particle from a radioactive nucleus results in a decrease in the:
a) Atomic number
b) Atomic mass
c) Number of protons
d) Number of neutrons
Answer: a) Atomic number
Which of the following particles has the highest ionizing power?
a) Alpha particle
b) Beta particle
c) Gamma ray
d) Neutron
Answer: a) Alpha particle
The process of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle is called:
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Electron capture
Answer: a) Alpha decay
The emission of a beta particle from a radioactive nucleus results in a change in the:
a) Atomic number
b) Atomic mass
c) Number of protons
d) Number of neutrons
Answer: c) Number of protons
The process of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits a beta particle is called:
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Electron capture
Answer: b) Beta decay
The process of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits a gamma ray is called:
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Electron capture
Answer: c) Gamma decay
Which of the following particles has no charge?
a) Proton
b) Neutron
c) Electron
d) Alpha particle
Answer: b) Neutron
The half-life of a radioactive substance is the time taken for:
a) Half of the radioactive nuclei to decay
b) All of the radioactive nuclei to decay
c) The radioactive decay rate to double
d) The radioactive decay rate to halve
Answer: a) Half of the radioactive nuclei to decay
The decay constant of a radioactive substance is a measure of its:
a) Radioactive half-life
b) Radioactive decay rate
c) Radioactive energy
d) Radioactive mass
Answer: b) Radioactive decay rate
The unit used to measure the activity of a radioactive substance is:
a) Curie (Ci)
b) Becquerel (Bq)
c) Rutherford (Rf)
d) Gray (Gy)
Answer: b) Becquerel (Bq)
Which of the following types of radiation has the greatest penetration power?
a) Alpha particles
b) Beta particles
c) Gamma rays
d) Neutrons
Answer: c) Gamma rays
The process in which a nucleus captures an electron from its surrounding electron cloud is called:
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Electron capture
Answer: d) Electron capture
The decay product of an alpha decay is an atom with an atomic number that is:
a) Greater than the original atom
b) Smaller than the original atom
c) The same as the original atom
d) Not determined by the alpha decay
Answer: b) Smaller than the original atom
The decay product of a beta decay is an atom with an atomic number that is:
a) Greater than the original atom
b) Smaller than the original atom
c) The same as the original atom
d) Not determined by the beta decay
Answer: a) Greater than the original atom
The decay product of a gamma decay is an atom with:
a) A different atomic number
b) A different atomic mass
c) The same atomic number
d) The same atomic mass
Answer: c) The same atomic number
The process of nuclear fission involves the:
a) Combination of two atomic nuclei to form a heavier nucleus
b) Decay of a radioactive nucleus
c) Splitting of a heavy atomic nucleus into two or more lighter nuclei
d) Emission of alpha particles from a nucleus
Answer: c) Splitting of a heavy atomic nucleus into two or more lighter nuclei
The process of nuclear fusion involves the:
a) Combination of two atomic nuclei to form a heavier nucleus
b) Decay of a radioactive nucleus
c) Splitting of a heavy atomic nucleus into two or more lighter nuclei
d) Emission of alpha particles from a nucleus
Answer: a) Combination of two atomic nuclei to form a heavier nucleus
The energy released in a nuclear reaction is calculated using:
a) Einstein’s mass-energy equation (E=mc²)
b) Newton’s laws of motion
c) Coulomb’s law of electrostatics
d) Avogadro’s constant
Answer: a) Einstein’s mass-energy equation (E=mc²)
The most common fuel used in nuclear power plants for nuclear fission reactions is:
a) Uranium-235
b) Uranium-238
c) Plutonium-239
d) Thorium-232
Answer: a) Uranium-235
The process of controlling a nuclear fission reaction to sustain a steady release of energy is called:
a) Nuclear fusion
b) Nuclear decay
c) Nuclear chain reaction
d) Nuclear moderation
Answer: d) Nuclear moderation
The process of slowing down fast-moving neutrons to increase their chance of causing fission is called:
a) Nuclear fusion
b) Nuclear decay
c) Nuclear chain reaction
d) Nuclear moderation
Answer: d) Nuclear moderation
The material used to slow down fast neutrons in a nuclear reactor is called a:
a) Moderator
b) Fuel rod
c) Control rod
d) Shielding material
Answer: a) Moderator
The material used to absorb excess neutrons and control the rate of a nuclear fission reaction in a reactor is called a:
a) Moderator
b) Fuel rod
c) Control rod
d) Shielding material
Answer: c) Control rod
The phenomenon of radioactive decay follows a:
a) Linear pattern
b) Exponential pattern
c) Quadratic pattern
d) Random pattern
Answer: b) Exponential pattern
The process of carbon-14 dating is based on the radioactive decay of carbon-14 into:
a) Carbon-12
b) Nitrogen-14
c) Oxygen-16
d) Hydrogen-1
Answer: b) Nitrogen-14
The unit used to measure the absorbed dose of ionizing radiation is the:
a) Gray (Gy)
b) Sievert (Sv)
c) Curie (Ci)
d) Becquerel (Bq)
Answer: a) Gray (Gy)
The biological effect of ionizing radiation on living organisms is measured in:
a) Grays (Gy)
b) Sieverts (Sv)
c) Curie (Ci)
d) Becquerel (Bq)
Answer: b) Sieverts (Sv)
The process of spontaneous nuclear decay can result in the emission of:
a) Particles
b) Electromagnetic radiation
c) Both particles and electromagnetic radiation
d) Neither particles nor electromagnetic radiation
Answer: c) Both particles and electromagnetic radiation
The process in which the nucleus of an atom captures a neutron and undergoes radioactive decay is called:
a) Neutron emission
b) Neutron capture
c) Neutron decay
d) Neutron fusion
Answer: b) Neutron capture
The decay product of a neutron capture is an atom with:
a) A different atomic number
b) A different atomic mass
c) The same atomic number
d) The same atomic mass
Answer: a) A different atomic number
The process of radioactive decay that occurs naturally and spontaneously is called:
a) Artificial radioactivity
b) Nuclear transmutation
c) Natural radioactivity
d) Nuclear activation
Answer: c) Natural radioactivity
The process of radioactive decay that is induced by human intervention is called:
a) Artificial radioactivity
b) Nuclear transmutation
c) Natural radioactivity
d) Nuclear activation
Answer: a) Artificial radioactivity
The process of changing one element into another by bombarding the nucleus with high-energy particles is called:
a) Artificial radioactivity
b) Nuclear transmutation
c) Natural radioactivity
d) Nuclear activation
Answer: b) Nuclear transmutation
The process in which a radioactive isotope decays into a stable isotope by emitting an alpha particle and a beta particle is called:
a) Alpha-beta decay
b) Gamma decay
c) Electron capture
d) Double decay
Answer: a) Alpha-beta decay
The process in which a radioactive isotope decays into a stable isotope by emitting two alpha particles is called:
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Double alpha decay
Answer: d) Double alpha decay
The process in which a radioactive isotope decays into a stable isotope by emitting a positron and a neutrino is called:
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Positron emission
Answer: d) Positron emission
The process in which a radioactive isotope decays into a stable isotope by capturing an electron from its surrounding electron cloud is called:
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Electron capture
Answer: d) Electron capture
The phenomenon of radioactive decay is governed by:
a) Quantum mechanics
b) Newton’s laws of motion
c) Einstein’s theory of relativity
d) Coulomb’s law of electrostatics
Answer: a) Quantum mechanics
The radioactive isotope commonly used in medical imaging and cancer treatment is:
a) Carbon-14
b) Iodine-131
c) Cobalt-60
d) Americium-241
Answer: b) Iodine-131
The radioactive isotope commonly used in smoke detectors is:
a) Carbon-14
b) Iodine-131
c) Cobalt-60
d) Americium-241
Answer: d) Americium-241
The process of converting a stable nucleus into a radioactive nucleus by bombarding it with high-energy particles is called:
a) Artificial radioactivity
b) Nuclear transmutation
c) Natural radioactivity
d) Nuclear activation
Answer: a) Artificial radioactivity
The radiation that is released during nuclear reactions or radioactive decay and consists of particles with high energy and no charge is called:
a) Alpha radiation
b) Beta radiation
c) Gamma radiation
d) Neutron radiation
Answer: c) Gamma radiation
The phenomenon in which an unstable nucleus releases energy by emitting radiation is called:
a) Nuclear fusion
b) Nuclear fission
c) Radioactivity
d) Nuclear decay
Answer: c) Radioactivity
The radioactive isotope commonly used in the treatment of cancer is:
a) Carbon-14
b) Iodine-131
c) Cobalt-60
d) Americium-241
Answer: c) Cobalt-60
The process of measuring the amount of radioactive isotope remaining in a sample to determine its age is called:
a) Radiometric dating
b) Carbon dating
c) Isotopic analysis
d) Radioactive decay analysis
Answer: a) Radiometric dating
The radioactive isotope commonly used in carbon dating of organic materials is:
a) Carbon-14
b) Iodine-131
c) Cobalt-60
d) Americium-241
Answer: a) Carbon-14
The process in which a nucleus spontaneously emits an electron and an antineutrino is called:
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Electron capture
Answer: b) Beta decay
The process in which a nucleus emits a high-energy photon of electromagnetic radiation is called:
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Electron capture
Answer: c) Gamma decay
The process in which a nucleus absorbs an electron from its surrounding electron cloud is called:
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Electron capture
Answer: d) Electron capture
The radioactive isotope commonly used in the diagnosis of thyroid disorders is:
a) Carbon-14
b) Iodine-131
c) Cobalt-60
d) Americium-241
Answer: b) Iodine-131
The process in which a nucleus captures a neutron and undergoes radioactive decay is called:
a) Neutron emission
b) Neutron capture
c) Neutron decay
d) Neutron fusion
Answer: b) Neutron capture
The process in which a nucleus emits a neutron is called:
a) Neutron emission
b) Neutron capture
c) Neutron decay
d) Neutron fusion
Answer: a) Neutron emission
The process in which a nucleus absorbs a neutron and undergoes radioactive decay is called:
a) Neutron emission
b) Neutron capture
c) Neutron decay
d) Neutron fusion
Answer: b) Neutron capture
The process in which a nucleus combines with a neutron to form a heavier nucleus is called:
a) Neutron emission
b) Neutron capture
c) Neutron decay
d) Neutron fusion
Answer: d) Neutron fusion
The process in which a nucleus emits a positron and a neutrino is called:
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Positron emission
Answer: d) Positron emission
The process in which a nucleus absorbs a positron from its surrounding electron cloud is called:
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Positron capture
Answer: d) Positron capture
The process in which a nucleus emits an alpha particle and a beta particle simultaneously is called:
a) Alpha-beta decay
b) Gamma decay
c) Electron capture
d) Double decay
Answer: a) Alpha-beta decay
The process in which a nucleus captures a positron and undergoes radioactive decay is called:
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Positron capture
Answer: d) Positron capture
The process in which a nucleus emits a gamma ray and undergoes radioactive decay is called:
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Electron capture
Answer: c) Gamma decay
The process in which a nucleus absorbs a gamma ray and undergoes radioactive decay is called:
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Electron capture
Answer: c) Gamma decay
The process in which a nucleus captures an alpha particle and undergoes radioactive decay is called:
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Alpha capture
Answer: d) Alpha capture
The process in which a nucleus captures a beta particle and undergoes radioactive decay is called:
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Beta capture
Answer: d) Beta capture
The radioactive isotope commonly used in smoke detectors is:
a) Carbon-14
b) Iodine-131
c) Cobalt-60
d) Americium-241
Answer: d) Americium-241
The process in which a radioactive isotope decays into a stable isotope by emitting a positron and a neutrino is called:
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Positron emission
Answer: d) Positron emission
The process in which a radioactive isotope decays into a stable isotope by capturing an electron from its surrounding electron cloud is called:
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Electron capture
Answer: d) Electron capture
The process in which a radioactive isotope decays into a stable isotope by emitting an alpha particle is called:
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Electron capture
Answer: a) Alpha decay
The process in which a radioactive isotope decays into a stable isotope by emitting a beta particle is called:
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Electron capture
Answer: b) Beta decay
The process in which a radioactive isotope decays into a stable isotope by emitting a gamma ray is called:
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Electron capture
Answer: c) Gamma decay
