What is the most common type of genetic alteration observed in cancer?
a) Chromosomal rearrangement
b) Single nucleotide polymorphism
c) DNA methylation
d) Gene amplification
Answer: b) Single nucleotide polymorphism
Which of the following genes is commonly mutated in colorectal cancer?
a) BRCA1
b) TP53
c) KRAS
d) BCR-ABL
Answer: c) KRAS
Which cellular process is often dysregulated in cancer, leading to uncontrolled cell growth?
a) Apoptosis
b) DNA repair
c) Cell cycle regulation
d) Protein synthesis
Answer: c) Cell cycle regulation
What is the function of tumor suppressor genes?
a) Promote cell proliferation
b) Repair damaged DNA
c) Induce cell death
d) Stimulate angiogenesis
Answer: c) Induce cell death
Which of the following is an example of a proto-oncogene?
a) PTEN
b) p53
c) Bcl-2
d) HER2
Answer: d) HER2
What is the role of oncogenes in cancer development?
a) Promote cell proliferation
b) Repair damaged DNA
c) Induce cell death
d) Stimulate angiogenesis
Answer: a) Promote cell proliferation
Which of the following genetic alterations can result in gene fusion?
a) Chromosomal translocation
b) DNA methylation
c) Gene amplification
d) Single nucleotide polymorphism
Answer: a) Chromosomal translocation
Which of the following genes is commonly mutated in breast cancer?
a) EGFR
b) BRCA1
c) KRAS
d) RET
Answer: b) BRCA1
What is the role of the BRCA1 gene in cancer development?
a) DNA repair
b) Cell cycle regulation
c) Apoptosis
d) Angiogenesis
Answer: a) DNA repair
Which of the following is an example of a tumor suppressor gene?
a) HER2
b) p53
c) KRAS
d) RET
Answer: b) p53
What is the role of the p53 gene in cancer development?
a) Cell cycle regulation
b) DNA repair
c) Inducing apoptosis
d) Stimulating angiogenesis
Answer: c) Inducing apoptosis
Which of the following genetic alterations can lead to loss of heterozygosity?
a) Chromosomal translocation
b) DNA methylation
c) Chromosomal deletion
d) Gene amplification
Answer: c) Chromosomal deletion
Which of the following is an example of an epigenetic alteration in cancer?
a) BRAF mutation
b) BRCA1 amplification
c) CDKN2A promoter hypermethylation
d) PIK3CA gene fusion
Answer: c) CDKN2A promoter hypermethylation
What is the function of the mismatch repair system in the cell?
a) Repair DNA damage
b) Promote cell proliferation
c) Induce cell death
d) Stimulate angiogenesis
Answer: a) Repair DNA damage
Which of the following genetic alterations is commonly associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?
a) BCR-ABL fusion gene
b) EGFR mutation
c) HER2 amplification
d) TP53 mutation
Answer: a) BCR-ABL fusion gene
What is the role of the BCR-ABL fusion gene in CML?
a) Promote cell proliferation
b) Repair damaged DNA
c) Induce cell death
d) Stimulate angiogenesis
Answer: a) Promote cell proliferation
Which of the following is an example of a chromosomal rearrangement in cancer?
a) TP53 mutation
b) EGFR amplification
c) MYC translocation
d) PTEN deletion
Answer: c) MYC translocation
What is the role of the MYC gene in cancer development?
a) DNA repair
b) Cell cycle regulation
c) Apoptosis
d) Angiogenesis
Answer: b) Cell cycle regulation
Which of the following is an example of a driver mutation in cancer?
a) Silent mutation
b) Synonymous mutation
c) Nonsense mutation
d) Missense mutation
Answer: d) Missense mutation
What is the role of driver mutations in cancer?
a) Promote cell proliferation
b) Repair damaged DNA
c) Induce cell death
d) Stimulate angiogenesis
Answer: a) Promote cell proliferation
Which of the following genes is commonly mutated in lung cancer?
a) APC
b) TP53
c) KRAS
d) BCR-ABL
Answer: c) KRAS
What is the function of the TP53 gene in cancer development?
a) DNA repair
b) Cell cycle regulation
c) Inducing apoptosis
d) Stimulating angiogenesis
Answer: c) Inducing apoptosis
Which of the following genetic alterations is commonly associated with melanoma?
a) EGFR amplification
b) BRAF mutation
c) HER2 amplification
d) TP53 mutation
Answer: b) BRAF mutation
What is the role of the BRAF gene in melanoma?
a) Promote cell proliferation
b) Repair damaged DNA
c) Induce cell death
d) Stimulate angiogenesis
Answer: a) Promote cell proliferation
Which of the following is an example of a genetic alteration that can result in overexpression of a protein in cancer?
a) Chromosomal translocation
b) DNA methylation
c) Gene amplification
d) Single nucleotide polymorphism
Answer: c) Gene amplification
What is the function of the PTEN gene in cancer development?
a) DNA repair
b) Cell cycle regulation
c) Inducing apoptosis
d) Inhibiting cell proliferation
Answer: d) Inhibiting cell proliferation
Which of the following is an example of a genetic alteration commonly observed in pancreatic cancer?
a) KRAS mutation
b) HER2 amplification
c) EGFR mutation
d) TP53 mutation
Answer: a) KRAS mutation
What is the role of the KRAS gene in pancreatic cancer?
a) Promote cell proliferation
b) Repair damaged DNA
c) Induce cell death
d) Stimulate angiogenesis
Answer: a) Promote cell proliferation
Which of the following genetic alterations is commonly associated with ovarian cancer?
a) BRCA1 mutation
b) EGFR amplification
c) HER2 amplification
d) PTEN deletion
Answer: a) BRCA1 mutation
What is the role of the BRCA1 gene in ovarian cancer?
a) DNA repair
b) Cell cycle regulation
c) Inducing apoptosis
d) Inhibiting cell proliferation
Answer: a) DNA repair
Which of the following genetic alterations is commonly associated with prostate cancer?
a) APC mutation
b) TP53 mutation
c) KRAS mutation
d) PTEN deletion
Answer: d) PTEN deletion
What is the role of the PTEN gene in prostate cancer?
a) DNA repair
b) Cell cycle regulation
c) Inducing apoptosis
d) Inhibiting cell proliferation
Answer: d) Inhibiting cell proliferation
Which of the following is an example of a genetic alteration commonly observed in hematological malignancies?
a) BCR-ABL fusion gene
b) EGFR mutation
c) HER2 amplification
d) TP53 mutation
Answer: a) BCR-ABL fusion gene
What is the role of the BCR-ABL fusion gene in hematological malignancies?
a) Promote cell proliferation
b) Repair damaged DNA
c) Induce cell death
d) Stimulate angiogenesis
Answer: a) Promote cell proliferation
Which of the following is an example of a genetic alteration commonly associated with gastric cancer?
a) KRAS mutation
b) EGFR amplification
c) HER2 amplification
d) TP53 mutation
Answer: c) HER2 amplification
What is the role of the HER2 gene in gastric cancer?
a) Promote cell proliferation
b) Repair damaged DNA
c) Induce cell death
d) Stimulate angiogenesis
Answer: a) Promote cell proliferation
Which of the following genetic alterations is commonly associated with liver cancer?
a) APC mutation
b) TP53 mutation
c) KRAS mutation
d) PTEN deletion
Answer: b) TP53 mutation
What is the role of the TP53 gene in liver cancer?
a) DNA repair
b) Cell cycle regulation
c) Inducing apoptosis
d) Stimulating angiogenesis
Answer: c) Inducing apoptosis
Which of the following genetic alterations is commonly associated with bladder cancer?
a) EGFR amplification
b) BRAF mutation
c) HER2 amplification
d) TP53 mutation
Answer: d) TP53 mutation
What is the role of the TP53 gene in bladder cancer?
a) DNA repair
b) Cell cycle regulation
c) Inducing apoptosis
d) Stimulating angiogenesis
Answer: c) Inducing apoptosis
