Who discovered penicillin, the first widely used antibiotic?
a) Alexander Fleming
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) Alexander Fleming
Who discovered the polio vaccine, which helped in the eradication of polio?
a) Alexander Fleming
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: d) Jonas Salk
Who discovered the concept of vaccination against smallpox?
a) Alexander Fleming
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Edward Jenner
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: c) Edward Jenner
Who discovered the existence of blood types and developed the ABO blood typing system?
a) Karl Landsteiner
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Paul Ehrlich
Answer: a) Karl Landsteiner
Who discovered the X-rays, a revolutionary imaging technology?
a) Wilhelm Roentgen
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Paul Ehrlich
Answer: a) Wilhelm Roentgen
Who discovered insulin, a hormone used to treat diabetes?
a) Frederick Banting and Charles Best
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Paul Ehrlich
Answer: a) Frederick Banting and Charles Best
Who discovered the structure of DNA, a groundbreaking discovery in genetics?
a) James Watson and Francis Crick
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Paul Ehrlich
Answer: a) James Watson and Francis Crick
Who discovered the vaccine for hepatitis B?
a) Baruch Blumberg
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Paul Ehrlich
Answer: a) Baruch Blumberg
Who discovered the first successful use of general anesthesia during surgery?
a) William Morton
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Paul Ehrlich
Answer: a) William Morton
Who discovered the role of helicobacter pylori in causing peptic ulcers?
a) Barry Marshall and Robin Warren
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Paul Ehrlich
Answer: a) Barry Marshall and Robin Warren
Who discovered the vaccine for human papillomavirus (HPV)?
a) Ian Frazer and Jian Zhou
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Paul Ehrlich
Answer: a) Ian Frazer and Jian Zhou
Who discovered the use of statins for lowering cholesterol and preventing heart disease?
a) Akira Endo
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Paul Ehrlich
Answer: a) Akira Endo
Who discovered the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV/AIDS?
a) David Ho and others
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Paul Ehrlich
Answer: a) David Ho and others
Who discovered the first successful organ transplant (kidney transplant)?
a) Joseph Murray and J. Hartwell Harrison
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Paul Ehrlich
Answer: a) Joseph Murray and J. Hartwell Harrison
Who discovered the role of nitric oxide as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system?
a) Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, and Ferid Murad
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Paul Ehrlich
Answer: a) Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, and Ferid Murad
Who discovered the concept of chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer?
a) Paul Ehrlich
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) Paul Ehrlich
Who discovered the role of prostaglandins in inflammation and pain?
a) Bengt I. Samuelsson, Sune K. Bergström, and John R. Vane
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) Bengt I. Samuelsson, Sune K. Bergström, and John R. Vane
Who discovered the first effective treatment for malaria (artemisinin)?
a) Tu Youyou
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) Tu Youyou
Who discovered the role of Helicobacter pylori in causing gastritis and peptic ulcers?
a) Barry Marshall and Robin Warren
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) Barry Marshall and Robin Warren
Who discovered the use of stem cells in regenerative medicine?
a) Shinya Yamanaka and John B. Gurdon
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) Shinya Yamanaka and John B. Gurdon
Who discovered the role of the immune checkpoint protein PD-1 in cancer therapy?
a) James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo
Who discovered the use of monoclonal antibodies for targeted cancer therapy?
a) Georges Köhler, César Milstein, and Niels K. Jerne
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) Georges Köhler, César Milstein, and Niels K. Jerne
Who discovered the role of telomeres and telomerase in aging and cancer?
a) Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol W. Greider, and Jack W. Szostak
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol W. Greider, and Jack W. Szostak
Who discovered the first effective treatment for leprosy (Hansen’s disease)?
a) Alice Ball
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) Alice Ball
Who discovered the role of Helicobacter pylori in causing stomach ulcers and gastritis?
a) Barry Marshall and Robin Warren
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) Barry Marshall and Robin Warren
Who discovered the concept of gene therapy for treating genetic disorders?
a) French Anderson and Michael F. Crutcher
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) French Anderson and Michael F. Crutcher
Who discovered the first effective treatment for tuberculosis (streptomycin)?
a) Selman Waksman
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) Selman Waksman
Who discovered the role of dopamine in Parkinson’s disease and developed levodopa as a treatment?
a) Arvid Carlsson
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) Arvid Carlsson
Who discovered the use of monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases?
a) Sir Gregory P. Winter and César Milstein
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) Sir Gregory P. Winter and César Milstein
Who discovered the role of RNA interference (RNAi) in gene regulation?
a) Andrew Z. Fire and Craig C. Mello
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) Andrew Z. Fire and Craig C. Mello
Who discovered the use of monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of cancer (rituximab)?
a) Ronald Levy and Jeffrey Schlom
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) Ronald Levy and Jeffrey Schlom
Who discovered the role of nitric oxide as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system?
a) Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, and Ferid Murad
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, and Ferid Murad
Who discovered the first effective treatment for HIV/AIDS (antiretroviral therapy)?
a) David Ho and others
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) David Ho and others
Who discovered the role of Helicobacter pylori in causing gastritis and peptic ulcers?
a) Barry Marshall and Robin Warren
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) Barry Marshall and Robin Warren
Who discovered the role of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy?
a) James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo
Who discovered the use of monoclonal antibodies for targeted cancer therapy?
a) Georges Köhler, César Milstein, and Niels K. Jerne
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) Georges Köhler, César Milstein, and Niels K. Jerne
Who discovered the role of telomeres and telomerase in aging and cancer?
a) Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol W. Greider, and Jack W. Szostak
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol W. Greider, and Jack W. Szostak
Who discovered the first effective treatment for leprosy (Hansen’s disease)?
a) Alice Ball
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) Alice Ball
Who discovered the role of Helicobacter pylori in causing stomach ulcers and gastritis?
a) Barry Marshall and Robin Warren
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) Barry Marshall and Robin Warren
Who discovered the concept of gene therapy for treating genetic disorders?
a) French Anderson and Michael F. Crutcher
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Jonas Salk
Answer: a) French Anderson and Michael F. Crutcher
