Who is credited with proposing the heliocentric model of the solar system?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Nicolaus Copernicus
d) Johannes Kepler
Answer: c) Nicolaus Copernicus
Who discovered the four largest moons of Jupiter, now known as the Galilean moons?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Nicolaus Copernicus
d) Johannes Kepler
Answer: b) Galileo Galilei
Who formulated the laws of planetary motion?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Nicolaus Copernicus
d) Johannes Kepler
Answer: d) Johannes Kepler
Who developed the theory of general relativity?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Albert Einstein
c) Nicolaus Copernicus
d) Johannes Kepler
Answer: b) Albert Einstein
Who discovered Uranus, the seventh planet in the solar system?
a) Isaac Newton
b) William Herschel
c) Nicolaus Copernicus
d) Johannes Kepler
Answer: b) William Herschel
Who proposed the three laws of motion, known as Newton’s laws of motion?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Nicolaus Copernicus
d) Johannes Kepler
Answer: a) Isaac Newton
Who developed the theory of special relativity?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Albert Einstein
c) Nicolaus Copernicus
d) Johannes Kepler
Answer: b) Albert Einstein
Who discovered the laws of heredity, which laid the foundation for the field of genetics?
a) Gregor Mendel
b) Charles Darwin
c) Alfred Russel Wallace
d) Thomas Hunt Morgan
Answer: a) Gregor Mendel
Who discovered the planet Neptune, based on mathematical predictions?
a) Isaac Newton
b) William Herschel
c) Nicolaus Copernicus
d) Johann Gottfried Galle
Answer: d) Johann Gottfried Galle
Who proposed the concept of the Big Bang theory?
a) Georges Lemaître
b) Edwin Hubble
c) Albert Einstein
d) Stephen Hawking
Answer: a) Georges Lemaître
Who discovered the law of gravity?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Nicolaus Copernicus
d) Johannes Kepler
Answer: a) Isaac Newton
Who discovered the existence of black holes and formulated the laws of black hole mechanics?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Albert Einstein
c) Stephen Hawking
d) Karl Schwarzschild
Answer: c) Stephen Hawking
Who discovered the planet Pluto?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Nicolaus Copernicus
d) Clyde Tombaugh
Answer: d) Clyde Tombaugh
Who developed the concept of the cosmic microwave background radiation, providing evidence for the Big Bang theory?
a) Georges Lemaître
b) Edwin Hubble
c) Albert Einstein
d) Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson
Answer: d) Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson
Who discovered the first exoplanet orbiting a Sun-like star?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Nicolaus Copernicus
d) Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz
Answer: d) Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz
Who proposed the concept of the Oort cloud, a hypothetical region containing comets?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Jan Oort
c) Carl Sagan
d) Eugene Shoemaker
Answer: b) Jan Oort
Who discovered the existence of pulsars, highly magnetized rotating neutron stars?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Nicolaus Copernicus
d) Jocelyn Bell Burnell
Answer: d) Jocelyn Bell Burnell
Who discovered the concept of stellar nucleosynthesis, explaining how elements are formed in stars?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Carl Sagan
c) Fred Hoyle
d) Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
Answer: c) Fred Hoyle
Who developed the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, a tool for understanding stellar evolution?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russell
d) Johannes Kepler
Answer: c) Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russell
Who discovered the phenomenon of quasars, highly energetic and distant celestial objects?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Nicolaus Copernicus
d) Maarten Schmidt
Answer: d) Maarten Schmidt
Who discovered the existence of dark matter, a form of matter that does not emit or interact with light?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Vera Rubin
d) Albert Einstein
Answer: c) Vera Rubin
Who proposed the concept of the expanding universe based on observations of galaxies moving away from each other?
a) Georges Lemaître
b) Edwin Hubble
c) Albert Einstein
d) Stephen Hawking
Answer: b) Edwin Hubble
Who discovered the first pulsar in a binary star system, providing evidence for the existence of neutron stars?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Jocelyn Bell Burnell
d) Albert Einstein
Answer: c) Jocelyn Bell Burnell
Who developed the first successful model of the universe, known as the Ptolemaic model?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Claudius Ptolemy
c) Nicolaus Copernicus
d) Johannes Kepler
Answer: b) Claudius Ptolemy
Who discovered the redshift in the spectra of galaxies, providing evidence for the expanding universe?
a) Georges Lemaître
b) Edwin Hubble
c) Albert Einstein
d) Stephen Hawking
Answer: b) Edwin Hubble
Who discovered the concept of quark stars, hypothetical objects composed of quarks?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Nicolaus Copernicus
d) Murray Gell-Mann
Answer: d) Murray Gell-Mann
Who discovered the concept of the Roche limit, defining the critical distance at which a celestial body disintegrates due to tidal forces?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Édouard Roche
c) Carl Sagan
d) Fred Hoyle
Answer: b) Édouard Roche
Who discovered the existence of cosmic rays, highly energetic particles originating from outside the Earth’s atmosphere?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Victor Hess
c) Vera Rubin
d) Albert Einstein
Answer: b) Victor Hess
Who developed the concept of pulsar planets, proposing the existence of planets orbiting pulsars?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Jocelyn Bell Burnell
d) Albert Einstein
Answer: c) Jocelyn Bell Burnell
Who discovered the concept of quasar galaxies, extremely luminous and distant galaxies hosting quasars?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Nicolaus Copernicus
d) Maarten Schmidt
Answer: d) Maarten Schmidt
Who discovered the existence of dark energy, a form of energy that is thought to drive the accelerating expansion of the universe?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Carl Sagan
d) Saul Perlmutter, Brian P. Schmidt, and Adam G. Riess
Answer: d) Saul Perlmutter, Brian P. Schmidt, and Adam G. Riess
Who proposed the concept of wormholes, hypothetical shortcuts in spacetime that could potentially enable faster-than-light travel?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Nicolaus Copernicus
d) Albert Einstein
Answer: d) Albert Einstein
Who discovered the concept of neutron stars, highly dense and compact remnants of supernova explosions?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Jocelyn Bell Burnell
d) Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
Answer: c) Jocelyn Bell Burnell
Who proposed the concept of dark matter halos, suggesting that galaxies are surrounded by massive invisible halos of dark matter?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Vera Rubin
d) Albert Einstein
Answer: c) Vera Rubin
Who discovered the first evidence for the existence of exoplanets, detecting a planet orbiting a pulsar?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Jocelyn Bell Burnell
d) Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz
Answer: c) Jocelyn Bell Burnell
Who proposed the concept of primordial black holes, suggesting that they could account for a portion of dark matter in the universe?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Stephen Hawking
d) Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
Answer: d) Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
Who discovered the concept of gravitational lensing, where the gravitational field of a massive object can bend light from a distant source?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Carl Sagan
d) Albert Einstein
Answer: d) Albert Einstein
Who discovered the first direct evidence of gravitational waves, confirming a major prediction of Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Carl Sagan
d) Rainer Weiss, Barry C. Barish, and Kip Thorne
Answer: d) Rainer Weiss, Barry C. Barish, and Kip Thorne
Who developed the concept of dark energy, a hypothetical form of energy that is thought to permeate all of space and drive the accelerated expansion of the universe?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Carl Sagan
d) Albert Einstein
Answer: c) Carl Sagan
Who discovered the concept of gravitational waves, predicting their existence based on the equations of general relativity?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Carl Sagan
d) Albert Einstein
Answer: d) Albert Einstein
