Which of the following elements is a major component of biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids?
a) Carbon
b) Nitrogen
c) Oxygen
d) Hydrogen
Answer: b) Nitrogen
What is the primary function of iron in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Cell signaling
d) DNA replication
Answer: a) Oxygen transport
Which of the following metal ions is essential for the function of enzymes involved in DNA replication and repair?
a) Magnesium
b) Calcium
c) Zinc
d) Copper
Answer: a) Magnesium
What is the function of calcium in muscle contraction?
a) Activates enzymes involved in ATP synthesis
b) Binds to troponin to initiate muscle contraction
c) Stabilizes cell membranes
d) Facilitates neurotransmission
Answer: b) Binds to troponin to initiate muscle contraction
Which of the following metal ions is a cofactor for the enzyme catalase, which catalyzes the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Manganese
Answer: d) Manganese
What is the primary function of sodium and potassium ions in nerve impulse transmission?
a) Cell signaling
b) DNA replication
c) Muscle contraction
d) Maintaining membrane potential
Answer: d) Maintaining membrane potential
Which of the following metals is an essential component of vitamin B12, a coenzyme involved in DNA synthesis?
a) Iron
b) Cobalt
c) Zinc
d) Copper
Answer: b) Cobalt
What is the primary function of zinc in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) DNA replication
d) Enzyme catalysis
Answer: d) Enzyme catalysis
Which of the following metal ions is required for the function of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which catalyzes the interconversion of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate ion?
a) Calcium
b) Iron
c) Zinc
d) Copper
Answer: c) Zinc
What is the primary function of copper in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Enzyme catalysis
d) Cell signaling
Answer: c) Enzyme catalysis
Which of the following metal ions is an important component of the oxygen-carrying protein hemoglobin?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Calcium
Answer: a) Iron
What is the function of magnesium in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Enzyme catalysis
d) DNA replication
Answer: c) Enzyme catalysis
Which of the following metal ions is required for the function of the enzyme superoxide dismutase, which protects cells from oxidative damage?
a) Magnesium
b) Calcium
c) Zinc
d) Copper
Answer: d) Copper
What is the primary function of potassium in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Maintaining osmotic balance
d) DNA replication
Answer: c) Maintaining osmotic balance
Which of the following metal ions is a cofactor for the enzyme carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Nickel
Answer: d) Nickel
What is the function of manganese in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Enzyme catalysis
d) Muscle contraction
Answer: c) Enzyme catalysis
Which of the following metal ions is involved in the transport of oxygen in the blood in the form of myoglobin?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Calcium
Answer: a) Iron
What is the primary function of cobalt in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) DNA replication
d) Enzyme catalysis
Answer: d) Enzyme catalysis
Which of the following metal ions is a component of the enzyme nitrogenase, which catalyzes the fixation of nitrogen gas into ammonia?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Molybdenum
Answer: d) Molybdenum
What is the function of selenium in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Enzyme catalysis
d) Cell signaling
Answer: c) Enzyme catalysis
Which of the following metal ions is required for the function of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase, which is involved in the electron transport chain during cellular respiration?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Manganese
Answer: b) Copper
What is the primary function of nickel in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Enzyme catalysis
d) Muscle contraction
Answer: c) Enzyme catalysis
Which of the following metal ions is a cofactor for the enzyme DNA polymerase, which is involved in DNA replication?
a) Iron
b) Zinc
c) Copper
d) Calcium
Answer: b) Zinc
What is the function of vanadium in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Enzyme catalysis
d) Cell signaling
Answer: c) Enzyme catalysis
Which of the following metal ions is required for the function of the enzyme ATP synthase, which synthesizes ATP during cellular respiration?
a) Magnesium
b) Calcium
c) Zinc
d) Iron
Answer: a) Magnesium
What is the primary function of molybdenum in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Enzyme catalysis
d) Muscle contraction
Answer: c) Enzyme catalysis
Which of the following metal ions is a component of the enzyme catalase, which catalyzes the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Manganese
Answer: a) Iron
What is the function of chromium in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Enzyme catalysis
d) Cell signaling
Answer: c) Enzyme catalysis
Which of the following metal ions is a cofactor for the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, which is involved in DNA synthesis?
a) Iron
b) Zinc
c) Copper
d) Manganese
Answer: a) Iron
What is the primary function of iodine in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Thyroid hormone synthesis
d) Enzyme catalysis
Answer: c) Thyroid hormone synthesis
Which of the following metal ions is involved in the transport of oxygen in the blood in the form of hemoglobin?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Calcium
Answer: a) Iron
What is the function of cadmium in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Enzyme catalysis
d) Cell signaling
Answer: c) Enzyme catalysis
Which of the following metal ions is required for the function of the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid?
a) Magnesium
b) Calcium
c) Zinc
d) Molybdenum
Answer: d) Molybdenum
What is the primary function of silver in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Enzyme catalysis
d) Antibacterial activity
Answer: d) Antibacterial activity
Which of the following metal ions is a component of the enzyme nitrate reductase, which catalyzes the reduction of nitrate to nitrite?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Molybdenum
Answer: d) Molybdenum
What is the function of cobalt in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Enzyme catalysis
d) Cell signaling
Answer: c) Enzyme catalysis
Which of the following metal ions is a cofactor for the enzyme cytochrome P450, which is involved in drug metabolism?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Calcium
Answer: a) Iron
What is the primary function of mercury in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Enzyme catalysis
d) Neurotoxicity
Answer: d) Neurotoxicity
Which of the following metal ions is a component of the enzyme nitrogenase, which catalyzes the conversion of nitrogen gas to ammonia?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Molybdenum
Answer: d) Molybdenum
What is the function of gold in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Enzyme catalysis
d) Medicinal applications
Answer: d) Medicinal applications
Which of the following metal ions is required for the function of the enzyme dopamine β-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine?
a) Magnesium
b) Calcium
c) Zinc
d) Copper
Answer: c) Zinc
What is the primary function of tungsten in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Enzyme catalysis
d) Cell signaling
Answer: c) Enzyme catalysis
Which of the following metal ions is a cofactor for the enzyme arginase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine to urea and ornithine?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Manganese
Answer: d) Manganese
What is the function of tin in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Enzyme catalysis
d) Medicinal applications
Answer: d) Medicinal applications
Which of the following metal ions is involved in the transport of carbon dioxide in the blood in the form of carbamate?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Magnesium
Answer: a) Iron
What is the primary function of selenium in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Enzyme catalysis
d) Antioxidant activity
Answer: d) Antioxidant activity
Which of the following metal ions is a component of the enzyme guanylate cyclase, which catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic GMP?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Calcium
Answer: c) Zinc
What is the function of lead in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Enzyme inhibition
d) Neurotoxicity
Answer: d) Neurotoxicity
Which of the following metal ions is required for the function of the enzyme cytochrome c, which is involved in electron transfer during cellular respiration?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Calcium
Answer: a) Iron
What is the primary function of arsenic in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Enzyme inhibition
d) Medicinal applications
Answer: c) Enzyme inhibition
Which of the following metal ions is a cofactor for the enzyme arginase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine to urea and ornithine?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Manganese
Answer: d) Manganese
What is the function of germanium in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Medicinal applications
d) Cell signaling
Answer: c) Medicinal applications
Which of the following metal ions is involved in the transport of oxygen in the blood in the form of hemerythrin?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Nickel
Answer: d) Nickel
What is the primary function of tellurium in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Medicinal applications
d) Enzyme inhibition
Answer: d) Enzyme inhibition
Which of the following metal ions is a component of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetylcholine?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Calcium
Answer: c) Zinc
What is the function of bismuth in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Medicinal applications
d) Enzyme inhibition
Answer: c) Medicinal applications
Which of the following metal ions is required for the function of the enzyme urease, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Nickel
Answer: d) Nickel
What is the primary function of aluminum in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Enzyme inhibition
d) Neurotoxicity
Answer: c) Enzyme inhibition
Which of the following metal ions is a component of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate esters?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Magnesium
Answer: c) Zinc
What is the function of antimony in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Medicinal applications
d) Enzyme inhibition
Answer: c) Medicinal applications
Which of the following metal ions is required for the function of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the oxidation of alcohols?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Calcium
Answer: c) Zinc
What is the primary function of platinum in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Medicinal applications
d) Enzyme inhibition
Answer: c) Medicinal applications
Which of the following metal ions is a component of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the oxidation of alcohols?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Calcium
Answer: c) Zinc
What is the function of rhodium in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Medicinal applications
d) Enzyme inhibition
Answer: c) Medicinal applications
Which of the following metal ions is involved in the transport of oxygen in the blood in the form of hemocyanin?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Nickel
Answer: b) Copper
What is the primary function of osmium in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Medicinal applications
d) Enzyme inhibition
Answer: c) Medicinal applications
Which of the following metal ions is a component of the enzyme nitrogenase, which catalyzes the reduction of nitrogen gas to ammonia?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Molybdenum
Answer: d) Molybdenum
What is the function of palladium in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Medicinal applications
d) Enzyme inhibition
Answer: c) Medicinal applications
Which of the following metal ions is a cofactor for the enzyme nitrogenase, which catalyzes the conversion of nitrogen gas to ammonia?
a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Zinc
d) Molybdenum
Answer: d) Molybdenum
What is the primary function of ruthenium in biological systems?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Energy production
c) Medicinal applications
d) Enzyme inhibition
Answer: c) Medicinal applications
