What is the branch of biology that deals with the study of genes and heredity?
a) Genetics
b) Ecology
c) Botany
d) Zoology
Answer: a) Genetics
What is the basic unit of heredity called?
a) Protein
b) Chromosome
c) Gene
d) Nucleotide
Answer: c) Gene
Which of the following is responsible for the transmission of genetic information from parents to offspring?
a) DNA
b) RNA
c) Protein
d) Enzyme
Answer: a) DNA
How many chromosomes are present in a human somatic cell?
a) 23
b) 46
c) 64
d) 92
Answer: b) 46
What is the process by which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA?
a) Transcription
b) Translation
c) Replication
d) Recombination
Answer: a) Transcription
Which of the following is responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell?
a) DNA
b) RNA
c) Lipids
d) Carbohydrates
Answer: b) RNA
How many nucleotides are present in a DNA molecule?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8
Answer: b) 4
Which of the following represents the complementary base pairing in DNA?
a) Adenine-Thymine, Guanine-Cytosine
b) Adenine-Guanine, Thymine-Cytosine
c) Adenine-Cytosine, Guanine-Thymine
d) Adenine-Uracil, Guanine-Cytosine
Answer: a) Adenine-Thymine, Guanine-Cytosine
What is the term used to describe an alternative form of a gene?
a) Locus
b) Allele
c) Chromosome
d) Genotype
Answer: b) Allele
Which of the following genetic disorders is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21?
a) Down syndrome
b) Hemophilia
c) Turner syndrome
d) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Answer: a) Down syndrome
What is the probability of having a male child in humans?
a) 25%
b) 50%
c) 75%
d) 100%
Answer: b) 50%
Which of the following inheritance patterns is characterized by the blending of traits in offspring?
a) Dominant
b) Recessive
c) Codominant
d) Incomplete dominance
Answer: d) Incomplete dominance
What is the term used to describe the genetic makeup of an organism?
a) Phenotype
b) Genotype
c) Allele
d) Homozygous
Answer: b) Genotype
Which of the following is a sex-linked genetic disorder?
a) Huntington’s disease
b) Cystic fibrosis
c) Sickle cell anemia
d) Hemophilia
Answer: d) Hemophilia
What is the probability of two carrier parents having an affected child with an autosomal recessive disorder?
a) 0%
b) 25%
c) 50%
d) 100%
Answer: b) 25%
What is the term used to describe the observable characteristics of an organism?
a) Phenotype
b) Genotype
c) Allele
d) Heterozygous
Answer: a) Phenotype
Which of the following genetic disorders is characterized by the absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes?
a) Albinism
b) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
c) Tay-Sachs disease
d) Sickle cell anemia
Answer: a) Albinism
What is the term used to describe the expression of a trait in a heterozygous individual?
a) Dominant
b) Recessive
c) Codominant
d) Incomplete dominance
Answer: a) Dominant
Which of the following inheritance patterns is characterized by the expression of both alleles in a heterozygous individual?
a) Dominant
b) Recessive
c) Codominant
d) Incomplete dominance
Answer: c) Codominant
What is the term used to describe the study of the distribution and inheritance of traits in populations?
a) Genetics
b) Ecology
c) Heredity
d) Population genetics
Answer: d) Population genetics
Which of the following genetic disorders is characterized by the inability to break down phenylalanine?
a) Albinism
b) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
c) Tay-Sachs disease
d) Sickle cell anemia
Answer: b) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where a single gene has multiple effects on an organism?
a) Pleiotropy
b) Polygenic inheritance
c) Epistasis
d) Codominance
Answer: a) Pleiotropy
Which of the following is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra X chromosome in males?
a) Down syndrome
b) Hemophilia
c) Turner syndrome
d) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Answer: c) Turner syndrome
What is the term used to describe the mating between two individuals with different genotypes for a particular trait?
a) Homozygous
b) Heterozygous
c) Monohybrid cross
d) Dihybrid cross
Answer: b) Heterozygous
Which of the following genetic disorders is characterized by the progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord?
a) Albinism
b) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
c) Tay-Sachs disease
d) Sickle cell anemia
Answer: c) Tay-Sachs disease
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where the expression of one gene is influenced by the presence of another gene?
a) Pleiotropy
b) Polygenic inheritance
c) Epistasis
d) Codominance
Answer: c) Epistasis
Which of the following is a genetic disorder characterized by the production of abnormal hemoglobin?
a) Albinism
b) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
c) Tay-Sachs disease
d) Sickle cell anemia
Answer: d) Sickle cell anemia
What is the term used to describe the mating between two individuals with the same genotype for a particular trait?
a) Homozygous
b) Heterozygous
c) Monohybrid cross
d) Dihybrid cross
Answer: a) Homozygous
Which of the following inheritance patterns is characterized by the masking of the expression of a recessive allele by a dominant allele?
a) Dominant
b) Recessive
c) Codominant
d) Incomplete dominance
Answer: a) Dominant
What is the term used to describe the occurrence of three or more alleles for a particular gene in a population?
a) Multiple alleles
b) Polygenic inheritance
c) Codominance
d) Epistasis
Answer: a) Multiple alleles
Which of the following genetic disorders is characterized by the absence of an enzyme needed to break down lipids in the brain?
a) Albinism
b) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
c) Tay-Sachs disease
d) Sickle cell anemia
Answer: c) Tay-Sachs disease
What is the term used to describe the likelihood of a particular genotype or phenotype occurring in a population?
a) Gene flow
b) Genetic drift
c) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
d) Gene frequency
Answer: d) Gene frequency
Which of the following inheritance patterns is characterized by the expression of a trait only when two copies of the recessive allele are present?
a) Dominant
b) Recessive
c) Codominant
d) Incomplete dominance
Answer: b) Recessive
What is the term used to describe the mating between two individuals that are heterozygous for two different traits?
a) Homozygous
b) Heterozygous
c) Monohybrid cross
d) Dihybrid cross
Answer: d) Dihybrid cross
Which of the following genetic disorders is characterized by the absence of an enzyme needed to break down phenylalanine?
a) Albinism
b) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
c) Tay-Sachs disease
d) Sickle cell anemia
Answer: b) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where multiple genes contribute to the expression of a single trait?
a) Pleiotropy
b) Polygenic inheritance
c) Epistasis
d) Codominance
Answer: b) Polygenic inheritance
Which of the following inheritance patterns is characterized by the expression of both alleles in a heterozygous individual?
a) Dominant
b) Recessive
c) Codominant
d) Incomplete dominance
Answer: c) Codominant
What is the term used to describe the study of the patterns and effects of genetic variation within populations?
a) Genetics
b) Ecology
c) Heredity
d) Population genetics
Answer: d) Population genetics
Which of the following genetic disorders is characterized by the absence of an enzyme needed to break down galactose?
a) Albinism
b) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
c) Tay-Sachs disease
d) Galactosemia
Answer: d) Galactosemia
What is the term used to describe the mating between two individuals that are heterozygous for one trait?
a) Homozygous
b) Heterozygous
c) Monohybrid cross
d) Dihybrid cross
Answer: c) Monohybrid cross
Which of the following inheritance patterns is characterized by the expression of a trait in a heterozygous individual that is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes?
a) Dominant
b) Recessive
c) Codominant
d) Incomplete dominance
Answer: d) Incomplete dominance
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where one gene masks or modifies the effect of another gene?
a) Pleiotropy
b) Polygenic inheritance
c) Epistasis
d) Codominance
Answer: c) Epistasis
Which of the following genetic disorders is characterized by the absence of an enzyme needed to break down a specific amino acid?
a) Albinism
b) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
c) Tay-Sachs disease
d) Cystic fibrosis
Answer: b) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
What is the term used to describe the mating between two individuals with the same genotype for two different traits?
a) Homozygous
b) Heterozygous
c) Monohybrid cross
d) Dihybrid cross
Answer: a) Homozygous
Which of the following inheritance patterns is characterized by the expression of a trait only when the dominant allele is homozygous?
a) Dominant
b) Recessive
c) Codominant
d) Incomplete dominance
Answer: b) Recessive
What is the term used to describe the occurrence of two different alleles for a particular gene in a population?
a) Multiple alleles
b) Polygenic inheritance
c) Codominance
d) Epistasis
Answer: a) Multiple alleles
Which of the following genetic disorders is characterized by the absence of an enzyme needed to break down mucus in the lungs and digestive system?
a) Albinism
b) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
c) Tay-Sachs disease
d) Cystic fibrosis
Answer: d) Cystic fibrosis
What is the term used to describe the probability of two independent events occurring together?
a) Gene flow
b) Genetic drift
c) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
d) Product rule
Answer: d) Product rule
Which of the following inheritance patterns is characterized by the expression of a trait in a heterozygous individual that is indistinguishable from the expression in a homozygous dominant individual?
a) Dominant
b) Recessive
c) Codominant
d) Incomplete dominance
Answer: c) Codominant
What is the term used to describe the study of the inheritance of traits in successive generations of related individuals?
a) Genetics
b) Ecology
c) Heredity
d) Pedigree analysis
Answer: d) Pedigree analysis
Which of the following genetic disorders is characterized by the absence of an enzyme needed to break down a specific lipid?
a) Albinism
b) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
c) Tay-Sachs disease
d) Gaucher disease
Answer: d) Gaucher disease
What is the term used to describe the mating between two individuals that are homozygous for one trait and heterozygous for another trait?
a) Homozygous
b) Heterozygous
c) Monohybrid cross
d) Dihybrid cross
Answer: d) Dihybrid cross
Which of the following inheritance patterns is characterized by the expression of a trait in a heterozygous individual that is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes?
a) Dominant
b) Recessive
c) Codominant
d) Incomplete dominance
Answer: d) Incomplete dominance
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where one gene has multiple effects on different traits?
a) Pleiotropy
b) Polygenic inheritance
c) Epistasis
d) Codominance
Answer: a) Pleiotropy
Which of the following genetic disorders is characterized by the absence of an enzyme needed to break down a specific sugar?
a) Albinism
b) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
c) Tay-Sachs disease
d) Galactosemia
Answer: d) Galactosemia
What is the term used to describe the probability of two independent events occurring either together or separately?
a) Gene flow
b) Genetic drift
c) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
d) Sum rule
Answer: d) Sum rule
Which of the following inheritance patterns is characterized by the expression of a trait only when the dominant allele is homozygous?
a) Dominant
b) Recessive
c) Codominant
d) Incomplete dominance
Answer: b) Recessive
What is the term used to describe the mating between two individuals that are heterozygous for the same trait?
a) Homozygous
b) Heterozygous
c) Monohybrid cross
d) Dihybrid cross
Answer: b) Heterozygous
Which of the following genetic disorders is characterized by the absence of an enzyme needed to break down a specific protein in the brain?
a) Albinism
b) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
c) Tay-Sachs disease
d) Huntington’s disease
Answer: d) Huntington’s disease
What is the term used to describe the study of the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population over time?
a) Genetics
b) Ecology
c) Heredity
d) Population genetics
Answer: d) Population genetics
Which of the following inheritance patterns is characterized by the expression of a trait in a heterozygous individual that is indistinguishable from the expression in a homozygous dominant individual?
a) Dominant
b) Recessive
c) Codominant
d) Incomplete dominance
Answer: c) Codominant
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where multiple genes contribute to the expression of a single trait?
a) Pleiotropy
b) Polygenic inheritance
c) Epistasis
d) Codominance
Answer: b) Polygenic inheritance
Which of the following genetic disorders is characterized by the absence of an enzyme needed to break down a specific amino acid?
a) Albinism
b) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
c) Tay-Sachs disease
d) Cystic fibrosis
Answer: b) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
What is the term used to describe the mating between two individuals that are heterozygous for one trait?
a) Homozygous
b) Heterozygous
c) Monohybrid cross
d) Dihybrid cross
Answer: c) Monohybrid cross
Which of the following inheritance patterns is characterized by the expression of a trait in a heterozygous individual that is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes?
a) Dominant
b) Recessive
c) Codominant
d) Incomplete dominance
Answer: d) Incomplete dominance
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where one gene masks or modifies the effect of another gene?
a) Pleiotropy
b) Polygenic inheritance
c) Epistasis
d) Codominance
Answer: c) Epistasis
Which of the following genetic disorders is characterized by the absence of an enzyme needed to break down a specific lipid?
a) Albinism
b) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
c) Tay-Sachs disease
d) Gaucher disease
Answer: d) Gaucher disease
What is the term used to describe the probability of two independent events occurring either together or separately?
a) Gene flow
b) Genetic drift
c) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
d) Sum rule
Answer: d) Sum rule
Which of the following inheritance patterns is characterized by the expression of a trait only when the dominant allele is homozygous?
a) Dominant
b) Recessive
c) Codominant
d) Incomplete dominance
Answer: b) Recessive
What is the term used to describe the study of the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population over time?
a) Genetics
b) Ecology
c) Heredity
d) Population genetics
Answer: d) Population genetics
