Human Genetics and Genomics MCQs with Answers

Human Genetics and Genomics MCQs are very important test and often asked by various testing services and competitive exams around the world. Here you will find all the Important Human Genetics and Genomics MCQs for Preparation.

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Human Genetics and Genomics Online MCQs with Answers

Which of the following is the basic unit of inheritance in humans?
a) Chromosome
b) Gene
c) Allele
d) Nucleotide

Answer
b) Gene

How many chromosomes are present in a human somatic cell?
a) 23
b) 46
c) 22
d) 44

Answer
b) 46

Which of the following genetic disorders is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21?
a) Down syndrome
b) Turner syndrome
c) Klinefelter syndrome
d) Huntington’s disease

Answer
a) Down syndrome

Which of the following is a genetic disorder characterized by the absence of melanin pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Albinism
c) Sickle cell anemia
d) Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer
b) Albinism

The ABO blood group system is an example of:
a) Sex-linked inheritance
b) Autosomal dominant inheritance
c) Autosomal recessive inheritance
d) Codominant inheritance

Answer
d) Codominant inheritance

Which of the following is an example of a multifactorial genetic disorder?
a) Hemophilia
b) Marfan syndrome
c) Huntington’s disease
d) Type 2 diabetes

Answer
d) Type 2 diabetes

Which of the following is a sex-linked genetic disorder?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Hemophilia
c) Sickle cell anemia
d) Down syndrome

Answer
b) Hemophilia

Which of the following is a technique used to visualize and analyze an individual’s chromosomes?
a) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
b) DNA sequencing
c) Karyotyping
d) Gel electrophoresis

Answer
c) Karyotyping

Which of the following genetic disorders is characterized by the inability to break down phenylalanine?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Tay-Sachs disease
c) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
d) Huntington’s disease

Answer
c) Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Which of the following is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the nervous system and leads to progressive degeneration of brain cells?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Alzheimer’s disease
c) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
d) Huntington’s disease

Answer
d) Huntington’s disease

In a pedigree analysis, a filled-in circle represents:
a) A male with the trait of interest
b) A female with the trait of interest
c) A male without the trait of interest
d) A female without the trait of interest

Answer
b) A female with the trait of interest

Which of the following is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Albinism
c) Sickle cell anemia
d) Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer
c) Sickle cell anemia

Which of the following is a technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences for analysis?
a) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
b) DNA sequencing
c) Southern blotting
d) RNA interference

Answer
a) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Which of the following is a genetic disorder caused by the expansion of a trinucleotide repeat sequence in a specific gene?
a) Down syndrome
b) Turner syndrome
c) Fragile X syndrome
d) Klinefelter syndrome

Answer
c) Fragile X syndrome

Which of the following is a technique used to determine the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences in an individual?
a) Genetic testing
b) DNA fingerprinting
c) Gel electrophoresis
d) Cloning

Answer
a) Genetic testing

Which of the following is a genetic disorder caused by the absence of one sex chromosome (X or Y)?
a) Down syndrome
b) Turner syndrome
c) Klinefelter syndrome
d) Huntington’s disease

Answer
b) Turner syndrome

Which of the following is a technique used to determine the order and physical distance between genes on a chromosome?
a) Genetic mapping
b) DNA sequencing
c) Gel electrophoresis
d) Cloning

Answer
a) Genetic mapping

Which of the following is a genetic disorder characterized by the inability to produce functional hemoglobin?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Albinism
c) Sickle cell anemia
d) Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer
c) Sickle cell anemia

Which of the following is a technique used to determine the genetic relatedness between individuals based on DNA sequence variations?
a) Genetic mapping
b) DNA sequencing
c) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
d) DNA fingerprinting

Answer
b) DNA sequencing

Which of the following is a genetic disorder characterized by the absence of the dystrophin protein?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Albinism
c) Sickle cell anemia
d) Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer
d) Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Which of the following is a technique used to analyze the expression of genes in an individual?
a) Genetic engineering
b) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
c) Microarray analysis
d) RNA interference

Answer
c) Microarray analysis

Which of the following is a genetic disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Alzheimer’s disease
c) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
d) Huntington’s disease

Answer
b) Alzheimer’s disease

In a karyotype, which pair of chromosomes determines the sex of an individual?
a) 1st pair
b) 22nd pair
c) 23rd pair
d) 24th pair

Answer
c) 23rd pair

Which of the following is a technique used to analyze and compare the DNA sequences of different individuals?
a) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
b) DNA sequencing
c) Gel electrophoresis
d) Cloning

Answer
b) DNA sequencing

Which of the following is a genetic disorder caused by the expansion of a CAG trinucleotide repeat sequence in the huntingtin gene?
a) Down syndrome
b) Turner syndrome
c) Klinefelter syndrome
d) Huntington’s disease

Answer
d) Huntington’s disease

Which of the following is a technique used to determine the presence or absence of specific proteins in an individual?
a) Genetic engineering
b) Western blotting
c) Gel electrophoresis
d) Cloning

Answer
b) Western blotting

Which of the following is a genetic disorder characterized by the abnormal structure of the CFTR protein, leading to the production of thick mucus in the lungs and other organs?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Albinism
c) Sickle cell anemia
d) Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer
a) Cystic fibrosis

Which of the following is a technique used to identify individuals based on their unique DNA profiles?
a) Genetic testing
b) DNA fingerprinting
c) Gel electrophoresis
d) Cloning

Answer
b) DNA fingerprinting

Which of the following is a genetic disorder characterized by the progressive breakdown and loss of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Alzheimer’s disease
c) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
d) Huntington’s disease

Answer
b) Alzheimer’s disease

Which of the following is a technique used to determine the presence or absence of specific mRNA molecules in an individual?
a) Genetic engineering
b) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
c) Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
d) RNA interference

Answer
c) Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

Which of the following is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of the X chromosome in males?
a) Down syndrome
b) Turner syndrome
c) Klinefelter syndrome
d) Huntington’s disease

Answer
c) Klinefelter syndrome

Which of the following is a technique used to analyze the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences in an individual?
a) Genetic testing
b) DNA fingerprinting
c) Gel electrophoresis
d) Cloning

Answer
a) Genetic testing

Which of the following is a genetic disorder characterized by the absence of one or more sex chromosomes?
a) Down syndrome
b) Turner syndrome
c) Klinefelter syndrome
d) Huntington’s disease

Answer
b) Turner syndrome

Which of the following is a technique used to determine the order and physical distance between genes on a chromosome?
a) Genetic mapping
b) DNA sequencing
c) Gel electrophoresis
d) Cloning

Answer
a) Genetic mapping

Which of the following is a genetic disorder characterized by the absence of one sex chromosome (X or Y)?
a) Down syndrome
b) Turner syndrome
c) Klinefelter syndrome
d) Huntington’s disease

Answer
b) Turner syndrome

In a pedigree analysis, a filled-in square represents:
a) A male with the trait of interest
b) A female with the trait of interest
c) A male without the trait of interest
d) A female without the trait of interest

Answer
a) A male with the trait of interest

Which of the following is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Albinism
c) Sickle cell anemia
d) Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer
c) Sickle cell anemia

Which of the following is a technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences for analysis?
a) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
b) DNA sequencing
c) Southern blotting
d) RNA interference

Answer
a) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Which of the following is a genetic disorder caused by the expansion of a trinucleotide repeat sequence in a specific gene?
a) Down syndrome
b) Turner syndrome
c) Fragile X syndrome
d) Klinefelter syndrome

Answer
c) Fragile X syndrome

Which of the following is a technique used to determine the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences in an individual?
a) Genetic testing
b) DNA fingerprinting
c) Gel electrophoresis
d) Cloning

Answer
a) Genetic testing

Which of the following is a genetic disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Alzheimer’s disease
c) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
d) Huntington’s disease

Answer
b) Alzheimer’s disease

In a karyotype, which pair of chromosomes determines the sex of an individual?
a) 1st pair
b) 22nd pair
c) 23rd pair
d) 24th pair

Answer
c) 23rd pair

Which of the following is a technique used to visualize and analyze an individual’s chromosomes?
a) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
b) DNA sequencing
c) Karyotyping
d) Gel electrophoresis

Answer
c) Karyotyping

Which of the following is a genetic disorder characterized by the inability to break down phenylalanine?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Tay-Sachs disease
c) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
d) Huntington’s disease

Answer
c) Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Which of the following is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the nervous system and leads to progressive degeneration of brain cells?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Alzheimer’s disease
c) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
d) Huntington’s disease

Answer
d) Huntington’s disease

In a pedigree analysis, a filled-in circle represents:
a) A male with the trait of interest
b) A female with the trait of interest
c) A male without the trait of interest
d) A female without the trait of interest

Answer
b) A female with the trait of interest

Which of the following is a technique used to visualize and analyze an individual’s chromosomes?
a) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
b) DNA sequencing
c) Karyotyping
d) Gel electrophoresis

Answer
c) Karyotyping

Which of the following is a genetic disorder characterized by the absence of melanin pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Albinism
c) Sickle cell anemia
d) Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer
b) Albinism

The ABO blood group system is an example of:
a) Sex-linked inheritance
b) Autosomal dominant inheritance
c) Autosomal recessive inheritance
d) Codominant inheritance

Answer
d) Codominant inheritance

Which of the following is an example of a multifactorial genetic disorder?
a) Hemophilia
b) Marfan syndrome
c) Huntington’s disease
d) Type 2 diabetes

Answer
d) Type 2 diabetes

Which of the following is a sex-linked genetic disorder?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Hemophilia
c) Sickle cell anemia
d) Down syndrome

Answer
b) Hemophilia

Which of the following is a technique used to visualize and analyze an individual’s chromosomes?
a) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
b) DNA sequencing
c) Karyotyping
d) Gel electrophoresis

Answer
c) Karyotyping

Which of the following genetic disorders is characterized by the inability to break down phenylalanine?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Tay-Sachs disease
c) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
d) Huntington’s disease

Answer
c) Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Which of the following is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Albinism
c) Sickle cell anemia
d) Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer
c) Sickle cell anemia

Which of the following is a technique used to determine the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences in an individual?
a) Genetic testing
b) DNA fingerprinting
c) Gel electrophoresis
d) Cloning

Answer
a) Genetic testing

Which of the following is a genetic disorder characterized by the progressive breakdown and loss of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Alzheimer’s disease
c) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
d) Huntington’s disease

Answer
b) Alzheimer’s disease

Which of the following is a technique used to determine the presence or absence of specific mRNA molecules in an individual?
a) Genetic engineering
b) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
c) Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
d) RNA interference

Answer
c) Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

Which of the following is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of the X chromosome in males?
a) Down syndrome
b) Turner syndrome
c) Klinefelter syndrome
d) Huntington’s disease

Answer
c) Klinefelter syndrome

Which of the following is a technique used to determine the order and physical distance between genes on a chromosome?
a) Genetic mapping
b) DNA sequencing
c) Gel electrophoresis
d) Cloning

Answer
a) Genetic mapping

Which of the following is a technique used to analyze the expression of genes in an individual?
a) Genetic engineering
b) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
c) Microarray analysis
d) RNA interference

Answer
c) Microarray analysis

Which of the following is a genetic disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Alzheimer’s disease
c) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
d) Huntington’s disease

Answer
b) Alzheimer’s disease

In a karyotype, which pair of chromosomes determines the sex of an individual?
a) 1st pair
b) 22nd pair
c) 23rd pair
d) 24th pair

Answer
c) 23rd pair

Which of the following is a technique used to visualize and analyze an individual’s chromosomes?
a) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
b) DNA sequencing
c) Karyotyping
d) Gel electrophoresis

Answer
c) Karyotyping

Which of the following is a genetic disorder characterized by the inability to break down phenylalanine?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Tay-Sachs disease
c) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
d) Huntington’s disease

Answer
c) Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Which of the following is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the nervous system and leads to progressive degeneration of brain cells?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Alzheimer’s disease
c) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
d) Huntington’s disease

Answer
d) Huntington’s disease

In a pedigree analysis, a filled-in square represents:
a) A male with the trait of interest
b) A female with the trait of interest
c) A male without the trait of interest
d) A female without the trait of interest

Answer
a) A male with the trait of interest

Which of the following is a technique used to visualize and analyze an individual’s chromosomes?
a) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
b) DNA sequencing
c) Karyotyping
d) Gel electrophoresis

Answer
c) Karyotyping

Which of the following is a genetic disorder characterized by the absence of melanin pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Albinism
c) Sickle cell anemia
d) Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer
b) Albinism

The ABO blood group system is an example of:
a) Sex-linked inheritance
b) Autosomal dominant inheritance
c) Autosomal recessive inheritance
d) Codominant inheritance

Answer
d) Codominant inheritance

Which of the following is an example of a multifactorial genetic disorder?
a) Hemophilia
b) Marfan syndrome
c) Huntington’s disease
d) Type 2 diabetes

Answer
d) Type 2 diabetes

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